论《聊斋志异》的开篇对传统的暗合与超越

On the coincidence and transcendence of tradition in the opening of Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio

《聊斋志异》的开篇以介绍引渡性人物为主,开篇在后文多有照应,它以多种方式强调故事的真实性。其开篇受到"小说是正史之余"观念以及史传文学尤其是始祖神话、杂剧的"引戏"和传奇的"副末"等的影响,与《诗经》的起兴、赋序等不谋而合。同时在符号化人物与丰盈人物、有无主次之分、纯为主客还是兼有人事、"建言""首引"与预示照应等四个方面论述了《聊斋志异》开篇对汉赋"述客主以首引"的推陈出新;从"单一与多样""反复皴染和全面照应""据实记叙和命名叙事"三个方面总结了《聊斋志异》对史传文学开篇的超越;从"虚构的意识"和"抒愤的目的"探讨了《聊斋志异》对"史传之余"小说观的超越;《聊斋志异》开篇人物使小说人物设置更集中,相对于"引戏""副末"而言,其种类更多,功能更全,作用更大。可见《聊斋志异》开篇与传统艺术暗合的同时又有所超越。

The first chapter of Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio mainly introduces the characters of the story. The first chapter has many references in the following text,and emphasizes the authenticity of the story in many ways.The beginning of Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio is influenced by the concept of"novel is beyond the official history"and historical literature,especially the ancestor myth,"leading drama"of Zaju and"Deputy end"of legend,which coincides with the rise and preface of the book of songs. At the same time,it discusses the innovation of the Han Fu in the beginning of Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio from four aspects:symbolic characters and rich characters,whether there is a distinction between primary and secondary,whether it is purely subject and object,or whether it has both personnel,suggestions,first quotation and foreshadowing reference;This paper summarizes Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio transcendence over the beginning of historical biography literature from three aspects of"single and diverse","repeated coloring and comprehensive reference","factual narration and named narration";from"fictional consciousness"and "the purpose of expressing anger",it discusses Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio transcendence over the novel concept of"beyond historical biography";the beginning of Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio makes the setting of novel characters more concentrated,which is better than"leading drama"and"vice ending"In other words,it has more kinds,more functions and more functions. It can be seen that the beginning of Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio coincides with the traditional art and transcends it at the same time.