政治经济学批判视域中的恩格斯辩证法

Engels’Dialectics in the Critique of Political Economy

围绕辩证法,一些西方学者常常得出恩格斯和马克思对立的观点。反驳这种错误观点有一条重要路径:恩格斯的辩证法并非局限于自然领域,而是以政治经济学批判的方式融入社会—历史当中。具体而言,它主要体现在三个方面:一是将辩证法奠基于现实经验的基础之上;二是准确阐释了马克思辩证法作为唯一正确的思想发展形式;三是进一步完善了政治经济学批判方法与对象的统一理论。这些贡献表明:一方面,在现实基础、基本形式、实践旨趣方面,恩格斯辩证法和马克思辩证法在根本上是一致的;另一方面,恩格斯对黑格尔辩证法有着深刻的理解,能够准确把握它与马克思辩证法的区别。这将有助于澄清对恩格斯辩证法的曲解和误解,也是对“矮化”恩格斯辩证法、制造恩格斯和马克思关于辩证法的思想对立的有力回应。

Some Western scholars often argue that Engels contradicts Marx on dialectics.There is a critical way to refute this wrong view:Engels’dialectics is not restricted to the realm of nature,but is integrated into society-history in the form of the critique of political economy.To be specific,it is mainly reflected in three aspects:first,it bases dialectics on practical experience;second,it accurately illustrates Marx’s dialectics as the only one correct form of thought development;third,it further improves the unified theory about critical methods and objects of political economy.These contributions indicate:on the one hand,Engels’dialectics and Marx’s dialectics are fundamentally consistent in terms of realist bases,basic forms,and practical purposes;on the other hand,Engels has a deep understanding of Hegel’s dialectics and can accurately grasp the difference between it and Marx’s dialectics.This not only helps to clarify the misinterpretation and misunderstanding of Engels’dialectics,but also fights back against“despising”Engels’dialectics and making Engels and Marx's contradictory on dialectics.