中国后扶贫时代中的返贫风险控制策略——基于风险源分析与人力资源开发视角

Risk Control Strategy of Returning to Poverty in China's Post-Poverty Era:Based on the Perspective of Risk Source Analysis and Human Resource Development

党的十九届五中全会明确将“巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果”作为“民生福祉达到新水平”的重要任务。巩固扶贫成果的关键在于防止返贫,而防止返贫的关键在于控制返贫风险。基于新中国农村扶贫的实践与政策分析,当前中国存在救济型扶贫、保障型扶贫、易地搬迁型扶贫、开发型扶贫和参与型扶贫五种扶贫模式,可以分析比较出不同扶贫模式下返贫的直接风险源和根本风险源。借助人力资源开发理论与方法,可以从自我开发、培训开发、岗位开发、干部开发、组织开发等方面实现风险控制,为地方政府与领导干部防止返贫风险与实现乡村振兴提供了有效参考。

The fifth plenary session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)clearly regards consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation as the important task of reaching a new level of people's livelihood and well-being.The key to poverty alleviation lies in preventing the return to poverty,while the key to preventing the return to poverty lies in control the risk of returning to poverty.Based on the practice and policy analysis of poverty alleviation in rural areas of China,we propose five poverty alleviation models:relief-based poverty alleviation model,guarantee-based poverty alleviation model,relocation-based poverty alleviation model,development-based poverty alleviation model,and participation-based poverty alleviation model.Then we reveal the direct risk sources and fundamental risk sources of returning to poverty for each model.Finally,from the aspects of self-development,training development,position development,manager development,and system development in human resources development,we put forward countermeasures and suggestions for China to reduce the risk of returning to poverty,establish a long-term poverty alleviation mechanism,and realize rural revitalization.