五行哲学观念下五岳之长的历史考察

A Historical Study of the First Mountain of the Five Great Mountains under the Concept of Five Phases Philosophy

西汉董仲舒吸取了战国以来的阴阳五行思想,虚构出一个以五行为间架结构的世界图式,受此影响,汉代以五行统摄万物,五岳即此观念下的产物。与木德相关的东岳泰山从空间上看位于东方,为空间之首;从时间上看主春,为四时之首,从而成为五岳之长、五岳之宗。自两汉以后,泰山作为五岳之长的观念得以继承并不断产生出“五岳之伯”、“五岳独宗”、“五岳独尊”等判断,而历代知识阶层也继承了两汉的观念,更加明确和彻底地思考和研讨五行与东岳泰山的关系。

In the W estern Han Dynasty,Dong Zhongshu drew lessons from the thought of Yin-Yang and Five Phases since the W arring States period,and then invented a world schema with five phases as the framework.Influenced by this,the five phases dominated everything in the Han Dynasty,and the Five Great Mountains were the product of this idea.Mount Tai(East Great Mountain),which is relevant to the virtue of wood,is the start in space for being located in the East and the start in four seasons for mastering the Spring.There-fore,Mount Tai become the first mountain of the Five Great Mountains and the ancestor of the Five Great Mountains.Since the Han Dynasty,the concept of Mount Tai as the first mountain of the Five Great Mountains has been inherited,and judgments such as the"Uncle of the Five Great Mountains",the"Sole Ancestor of the Five Great Mountains"and the"Most Revered of the Five Great Mountains"have been constantly pro-duced.The intellectuals of the past dynasties have also inherited the concept of the Han Dynasty,thinking and discussing the relationship between the Five Phases and Mount Tai more clearly and thoroughly.