试论泰山与嵩山在明洪武朝祀典中的地位变化

On the Status Changes of Mount Tai and Mount Song in the Sacrificial Ceremony of Hongwu Era of the Ming Dynasty

泰山有“五岳独尊”之称,但在国家祭祀体系中有两次明显的变动:一次是在唐代,一次是在明代。这两次较为明显的变动都与中岳嵩山有着密不可分的联系。武则天万岁通天年间的封于嵩山,打破了泰山独享封禅仪式的局面。明洪武元年皇帝亲祀汴梁之神、十年李善长祀中岳的祭祀大臣配置,均透露出朱元璋曾欲建都河南而做礼制上的准备,这也影响到了泰山祀典地位的变动。

Mount Tai was held the accolade as"Most Revered of the Five Sacred Mountains".Although it was a place of homage,there were two obvious changes in the national sacrificial system.One was in the Tang Dy-nasty,and the other was in the Ming Dynasty.The obvious changes were closely related to Mount Song.In the.Tang Dynasty,Wu Zetian paid her homage to Mount Song during W ansuitongtian(its an era name)era.This behavior broke the situation that Mount Tai was at the head of the Five Mountains and had homage exclusively.In the first year of Hongwu era,the emperor paid homage to the god of Bianliang.In the tenth year of Hongwu era,Zhu Yuanzhang appointed li Shanchang to worship Mount Song.It revealed that Zhu Yuanzhang had made preparations for the ritual system to build the capital in Henan,which also affected the status of Mount Tai in sacrificial ceremony.