教育还是健康?更有助于脱贫、共富——基于中国综合社会调查数据的微观分析

Is Education or Health More Conducive to Getting Us Rich and Common Prosperity?--A Microscopic ana Lysis Based on Chinese General Social Survey for 2013

研究运用2013年中国综合社会调查数据,将教育、健康置于同一框架,通过多元线性回归与分位数回归,比较了两者的收入效应及其在城乡与区域之间的差别。实证结果证实:教育、健康均能有效帮助我国居民致富、共富,但具体的作用效果存在一定结构性差别。从收入增长的角度来看,教育回报在城市大于农村,在沿海大于内陆;健康收入效应在农村大于城市,在沿海与内地之间无显著差别;并且教育水平对健康的收入效应有明显的负向调节作用。从缩小收入差距的视角来看,教育的作用范围存在明显限制,只在城市与内陆地区内贡献明显,而健康对收入差距的缓解作用却具有一定的穿透力,在全国范围内均有显著的积极作用。研究结果说明,在尽可能提高人口文化技能水平的同时,更要关注和维护劳动群体的健康,政策制定要因材施教、因地制宜的激发劳动力自身有效内生动力,并帮助弱势群体转换升级劳动能力,实现广泛、显著、可持续的脱贫共富效果。

Based on the survey data from CGSS(Chinese General Social Survey)2013,this paperanalyzes how education and health working differently affect the income level under the conditions of labor market segmentation,by the method of ordinary OLS and quantile regression.The empirical results show that:Education and health both are effective human capital which can help us increase income and get common prosperity,but there are some structural differences in the specific effects.From the perspective of income growth,the return of education in urban areas is better than rural and in coastal areas is better than inland areas;the health income effect in rural areas is greater than urban,butno significant difference between coastal and inland areas,and the education level has a negative effect on health income.From the perspective of reducing income gap,the scope of education has regional restrictions,it only can effectively narrow residents’income gap in urban and inland areas;health has a certain penetrating power which can effectively reduce the income gap of residents in all sub-samples.The results show that we should not only improve the level of education,but also pay more attention to the health condition of the workforce.The policy-making should be based on the ability and local conditions to stimulate the mosteffective human capital.At the same time,we should help the vulnerable membersto transform and upgrade their labor capacity.The above can help asachieve a broad,significant and sustainable effect of poverty alleviation and common prosperity.