人工智能养老服务侵权问题探析

Analysis on the Infringement of Elderly Care Serviceby Artificial Intelligence

人工智能在养老服务领域的应用引发了诸多侵害老人权利的现象。智能养老机器法律地位不明确、侵权行为主体复杂、侵害客体多变等原因,使得该领域侵权责任认定陷入了困境,且人工智能居家、机构与医养结合养老服务模式下难以单独适用过错责任、无过错责任归责原则。应在明确人工智能养老服务机器法律客体地位基础上,适用产品责任和医疗损害责任完成人工智能养老服务侵权行为的责任承担。而赋予老人新兴权利、对制造者责任进行适当限制、引入强制责任保险也是规制人工智能养老服务侵权的有效措施。

The application of artificial intelligence in the field of elderly care service has caused many phenomena that infringe the rights of the elderly.However,at the present stage,the legal status of intelligent elderly care machines is not clear,the subject of tort is complex,the object of infringement is variable and other factors make the tort liability identification into a dilemma.It is difficult to apply the principle of fault liability and no-fault liability separately in the mode of intelligent home,institution and medical care combined service.On the basis of clarifying the status of artificial intelligence elderly care machines as legal object,product liability and medical damage liability should be applied to complete the liability of artificial intelligence elderly care service infringement.Endowing the elderly with emerging rights,appropriately restricting the manufacturer’s liability,and introducing compulsory liability insurance are also effective measures to regulate the infringement of artificial intelligence elderly care services.