家庭农场绿色生产行为选择 及其区域比较研究

Family Farm Green Production Behavior Choice and Regional Comparative Study

依据全国家庭农场监测报告数据研判不同类型家庭农场绿色生产行为。选取农业强省山东、农业大省河南、农业弱省山西的各类家庭农场进行绿色生产方式比较分析。结果表明,家庭农场经营者以初中文化程度青壮年为主,相较于种植与种养类家庭农场,养殖类农场经营者呈年轻化和高知化特征,且突出表现在山东;农场经营者接受新技术能力远高于普通农户,各类家庭农场围绕“主业”接受“产中”环节培训,随农场经营者身体、文化与科技素质的提高,更倾向于采纳资源节约型和环境友好型绿色技术特征,外源性成长的家庭农场“绿色化”转型特征更显著;三省中,山东与河南采纳生态、绿色、环保的生产方式明显好于山西,也好于全国平均水平,其中山东养殖和种植类家庭农场禽畜粪便专业化处理覆盖面明显高于山西与河南。为此,构建家庭农场培育机制,提高经营者生态意识,秉持区域禀赋与社会经济差异,分区分类推进绿色生产方式转型,是形成农业绿色发展微观生态的关键。

Based on the national family farm monitoring report data,on the basis of the overall research and judgment of the green production behavior of different types of family farms.Shandong Province which is a strong agricultural province,Henan Province that is a big agricultural province,and a weak agricultural province Shanxi Province had been chosen to compare and analyze the green production modes of various family farms.The results revealed that most family farm operators were young adults with junior high school education.Compared to planting family farms and planting and breeding family farms,breeding farm operators were younger and more knowledgeable.This trend was prominently displayed in Shandong Province.For the family farm operators,the training of new technology was much higher than that of ordinary farmers.All the family farms basically received training in the"production"center around the"main business".There was a tendency that with the improvement of farm operators'physical quality,cultural quality and scientific and technological quality.They tended to adopt resource-saving and environmentfriendly green technologies,especially,characteristics of"green"transformation in family farms with exogenous growth.Among the three provinces,Shandong Province and Henan Province family farms adopting ecological,green and environmentally friendly green production,which was not only better than Shanxi Province,but also superior to the national average.Among them,the coverage of the professional treatment of poultry manure in breeding family farms and planting family farms in Shandong Province was significantly higher than that in Shanxi and Henan Province.For this reason,building a family farm cultivation mechanism,raising the ecological awareness of family farm operators,adhering to regional endowments and socioeconomic differences,and promoting the transformation of green production methods by upholding regional endowment and socio-economic differences would be the keys to the formation of micro-ecology for green agricultural development.