黔中西秀区木本药用植物资源多样性特征

The Diversity of Woody Medicinal Plant Resources in Xixiu District of Guizhou Province

目的:调查研究黔中西秀区木本药用植物资源状况,弄清该地区木本药用植物多样性特征,有利于进一步摸清贵州省木本药用植物资源现状及分布特点。方法:采用野外调查结合文献资料查询的研究方法,以西秀区木本药用植物为研究对象,分析其物种多样性组成、受危状况以及空间分布等特征。结果:该地区木本药用植物共563种,隶属103科280属。药用部位以根类和叶类为主体,包含该地区90.94%的木本药用植物;生活型以乔木类群为主体,占总种数的50.62%;药用功效主要是清热类、止痛类及活血化瘀类,共占总种数的65.18%,其中以清热类(24.51%)最多。有12种木本药用植物列入《中国生物多样性红色名录》,列入《国家重点保护野生植物名录(第一批)》的有4种。空间分布差异明显,在水平分布上总体表现为西北部与东南部多样性较高于中部;垂直分布上的物种多样性与海拔高度之间的关系表现为单峰型特点。结论:该地区木本药用植物资源种类丰富,但其空间分布差异大,珍稀濒危的种类较多,建议在保护的前提下合理开发利用。

Objective:To investigate and study the woody medicinal plant resources in Xixiu District of Guizhou province,and find out the diversity characteristics of woody medicinal plants in this area,which is helpful to find out the current situation and distribution characteristics of woody medicinal plant resource in Guizhou province.Methods:The method of field investigation combined with literature data query,taken woody medicinal plants in Xixiu District as the research object,and analyzed their characteristics such as composition of species diversity,risk status and spatial distribution.Result:There were 563 species of woody medicinal plant belonging to 280 genera and 103 families.The medicinal parts were mainly roots and leaves,included 90.94%woody medicinal plants in this area.Arbor group was the main life-style,accounted for 50.62%of the total species.The main function of medicinal plants were heat-clearing,pain-relieving and blood-promoting and stasis-removing,accounted for 65.18%of the total,among which heat-clearing was the most(24.51%).12 species had been included in the《Red list of China’s Biodiversity》,and 4 species had been included in the《List of Wild Plants under Special State Protection(the first batch)》.The spatial distribution of woody medicinal plants was significantly different,and the overall horizontal distribution showed that the diversity of northwest and southeast was higher than that of central area.The relationship between species diversity and elevation in vertical distribution was characterized by unimodal type.Conclusion:In general,woody medicinal plant resources in this area were rich in species,but there were large differences in the spatial distribution,and many rare and endangered species.It was suggested that rational exploitation and utilization should be made under the premise of protection.