安阳市大气PM_(2.5)中无机元素污染特征分析及来源解析

Pollution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Inorganic Elements in PM_(2.5)in Anyang City

通过2017~2018年安阳全市多个代表性观测点大气颗粒物的在线、离线样品采集,研究了安阳市大气PM_(2.5)中无机元素污染特征,并对其来源进行了初步分析。结果表明:安阳市大气细粒子样品中共检出无机元素37种,其中含量最高的是Zn,其次为Pb、Ti、Mn和As。安阳市大气颗粒物主要来自于6个因子:燃煤、工业过程、机动车、扬尘、生物质燃烧以及其他来源。PM_(2.5)以燃煤源、工业过程源,机动车相关排放为主,3个污染源总贡献超过了80%。燃煤源主要是其他源(主要为钢铁燃煤)和民用燃煤为主。工业过程源主要为焦化和水泥、石化行业。机动车源贡献最大的为非道路机械,其次为柴油车。而主要来源于工业污染源中的元素V、Cr、Mn、Pb、Cd、Sr冬季高于夏季的原因可能是安阳夏季雨水较多,湿沉降消除了大气中很大一部分的重金属。

The pollution characteristics and sources of inorganic elements in PM2.5 in Anyang air were studied by on-line and off-line sampling of atmospheric particulate matter from 2017 to 2018 at several representative observation sites in Anyang city.The results show that there are 37 kinds of inorganic elements in fine particle samples from Anyang city,the highest of which is Zn,the next is Pb,Ti,Mn and As.Anyang city’s PM 10 comes mainly from six sources:coal combustion,industrial processes,motor vehicles,dust,biomass combustion and other sources.PM_(2.5)mainly comes from coal-fired sources,industrial process sources and vehicle-related emissions.The total contribution of the three sources exceeds 80%.The main sources of coal combustion are other sources(mainly iron and steel coal)and civil coal-based.The industrial process sources are mainly coking,cement and petrochemical industries.The largest contribution of motor vehicle source is non-road machinery,followed by diesel vehicles.The reason why the elements V,Cr,Mn,Pb,Cd,and Sr,which are mainly derived from industrial pollution sources,are higher in winter than in summer may be due to the fact that Anyang city has more rain in summer and wet deposition eliminates a large part of the heavy metals in the atmosphere.