火星轨道器次表层探测雷达数据处理技术与现状研究

Overview of Mars Orbiter Subsurface Investigation Radar Data Processing Technology and Research Using Radar

火星是人类重要的地外天体探测目标之一,对火星表面进行的探测和研究表明,火星表面曾经存在液态水,水是生命存在的基础,因此,在次表层寻找不同形式的水是目前火星探测的重要科学目标之一。近17年来,欧洲火星快车(Mars Express)上搭载的火星次表层和电离层探测先进雷达(Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding,MARSIS)以及美国火星勘测轨道飞行器(Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter,MRO)上搭载的浅表层雷达(Shallow Subsurface Radar,SHARAD)开展了对火星次表层的大量探测。根据雷达的工作原理,雷达获取的原始回波数据需要经过距离向处理、方位向处理、电离层校正等才能完成成像,从成像数据中提取科学信息,取得众多的科学成果。火星次表层探测雷达的数据处理技术在火星次表层探测上发挥了重要作用,具有很强的代表性和参考价值。综述目前利用雷达对火星次表层展开的探测与研究,介绍了火星次表层探测雷达数据处理技术,列举了取得的部分科学成果,并展望将要投入使用的火星次表层探测雷达。

Mars is one of the most important targets of extraterrestrial exploration.Investigation and research on mars surface indicate that liquid water once existed on the mars surface,and water is basis and precondition of life.Therefore,one of today′s mars exploration scientific objectives is searching for water both solid and liquid in mars subsurface.For the last 17 years,the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding(MARSIS)on ESA′s Mars Express,and the Shallow Subsurface Radar(SHARAD)on NASA′s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has probed the mars subsurface at a global scale.Because of operating principle of radar,raw data of subsurface investigation radar should be processed in range and azimuth and correct ionospheric distortion in order to generate radargram.Many scientific achievements have been made in extracting scientific information from radargram.Data processing technology played a indispensable role in mars subsurface investigation,which shows great representativeness and reference value.We described the investigation and research about Martian subsurface with radar in this overview,introduced data processing technology using in Mars subsurface investigation,and presented part of findings of MARSIS and SHARAD.We also introduced several future Martian subsurface radars in this paper.