中俄卫生系统效率比较

Comparison of the Efficiency of Sino-Russian Health System

目的:分析中俄两国卫生系统的基本现状,为推进中俄两国的医疗卫生改革与实践提供意见和建议。方法:比较中俄两国卫生系统投入和产出现状,采用超效率SBM模型和DEA-Malmquist模型对两国卫生系统的静态效率和全要素生产率进行比较分析。结果:在卫生系统投入方面,2000-2018年中国每千人口医务人员数与每千人口床位数比例为1.26∶1.00,俄罗斯为0.50∶1.00;在卫生系统产出方面,2018年中俄两国出生时期望寿命分别为76.70岁和72.66岁,婴儿死亡率分别为7.4‰和6.1‰;在卫生系统效率运行方面,2000-2018年中国卫生系统效率良好,但技术效率的降低导致全要素生产率下降,进而导致卫生系统效率呈下降趋势,而俄罗斯在2012年之后,技术效率的进步使原本效率不高的卫生系统得到改善。结论:中俄两国在改革过程中取得了一定进步,中国卫生系统效率良好,但仍需提高其技术效率,而俄罗斯则应重点关注人力资源配置及高科技在医疗卫生领域的转化。

Objective:To analyze the basic status of the health systems in China and Russia,so as to provide reasonable opinions or suggestions for promoting the health care reform and practice in China and Russia.Methods:The current situation of input and output of health systems in China and Russia was compared,and the static efficiency and total factor productivity index of the health systems of the two countries were compared and analyzed using the super-SBM and the DEA-Malmquist.Results:In terms of health system investment,from 2000 to 2018,the ratio of the number of medical personnel per 1000 population to the number of beds per 1000 population in China was 1.26∶1.00,and that in Russia was 0.50∶1.00.In terms of health system output,the life expectancy at birth in China and Russia in 2017 was 76.70 and 72.66 years respectively,and the infant mortality rates were 7.4‰and 6.1‰respectively.In terms of the efficiency of the health system,China's health system was very efficient from 2000 to 2018,but the decline in total efficiency caused by the decline in technical efficiency led to a decline in the efficiency of the health system,while in the Russian Federation,after 2012,the previously inefficient health system was improved due to technical efficiency progress.Conclusion:In general,China and Russia have made some progress in the reform process.China's health system is efficient,but it still needs to improve its technical efficiency.The Russian Federation should focus on human resources allocation and the transformation of high technology in the field of health care.