“与众不同”的成年——澳大利亚青少年的学校生活与男性气质构建

The School Life and Construction of Masculinities in an Australian High School

青少年如何从青春期过渡到成年一直是人类学关注的重要问题。以一本以澳大利亚中学为田野地点的教育民族志为分析文本,结合人类学、社会学有关“成年”议题的相关文献,本文重点探讨三个问题:澳大利亚作为研究男性中学生在校经验的特点是什么;边缘学生群体的“经验”如何对已有讨论有所启发;这些田野贡献对更广义的理论讨论可能有何贡献。本文认为,澳洲青少年在学校场域中的男性气质建构过程是根植于分类实践的身份工作。青少年赋予了可见与不可见的区分要素以符号意义,并借助这些符号和意义搭建与维系群体的边界、自我的认同,以期在千篇一律的学校生活中获得“与众不同”的成年经验。

How adolescents transition from adolescence to adulthood is an important issue in anthropological studies.Based on an educational ethnography conducted in a secondary school in Australia,this paper focuses on three questions:What are the characteristics of Australia as a study of the school experience of male second⁃ary school students?How do the experiences of students on the margins contribute to current scholarship?How can the ethnographic findings contribute to the theoretical debates in anthropology and beyond?This paper sug⁃gests that the process and practice of masculinity construction amongst Australian teenagers is rooted in identity work driven by sorting practice in schools.Teenagers give symbolic meanings to visible and invisible distinguish⁃ing elements,and use these symbols and meanings to build and maintain the group boundaries,self-identifica⁃tion,which is to obtain different experiences of coming of age.