乡村振兴背景下镇域乡村性的空间分异及乡村发展策略——以福建省德化县为例

TOWN SCALE RURALITY SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY UNDER BACKGROUND OF RURAL REVITALIZATION--TAKING DEHUA COUNTY OF FUJIAN PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

[目的]评价德化县镇域尺度上乡村性水平,甄别乡村类型并划分乡村发展类型区,提出乡村发展的差别化策略。[方法]文章从乡村性概念模型出发构建综合评价指标体系,采用描述性统计指标作为评价结果的划分依据。[结果](1)山区属性和与城乡二元格局叠加,致使德化县各镇域乡村发展水平及其内部特征具有明显的空间异质性。(2)根据综合乡村性,德化县的所有镇域乡村可划分为3种类型:绝对乡村、相对乡村和城镇,绝大部分镇域处于相对乡村的状态。(3)基于产业要素的发展水平,德化县所有镇域可划分为三大发展类型区:极化突破区、均衡提升区和优化重组区3种。[结论](1)以上3种乡村发展类型区应分别采取“优势极化、规模集聚”“协同增长、内聚提升”“长短互补,边界跨越”的乡村发展策略。(2)未来乡村振兴应进一步加强对于山区乡村衰落机理和发展路径的研究。

In this study a comprehensive evaluation index system from the rural concept model under the background of rural revitalize strategy was constructed,and descriptive statistical indicators were used as the basis of the evaluation results classification.This study evaluated the rurality level on the town scale of Dehua county,then identified the rural types,rural development types,and proposed rural development strategies.(1)The combination of mountainous attributes and urban-rural duality pattern caused serious differentiation in terms of the human factors(economic development level,industrial structure,history,and policy)and natural elements(topography,land resources,characteristic agricultural resources,landscape resources).That made the obviously spatial developmental heterogeneity of Dehua county's rural,and some rurality elements even had polarization characteristics.(2)According to the comprehensive rural nature,the towns of Dehua county could be divided into three types:absolute villages,relative villages,and towns.And most of the towns were in relative rural stages.(3)Based on the comprehensive development of industrial factors,the rural development zones of Dehua county could be divided into three types:polarization breakthrough zone,equilibrium promotion zone and optimized reorganization zone.Based on the results,the different development strategies are proposed,such as dominant polarization,scale agglomeration,cooperative growth,cohesion promotion,and length complementation,border crossing.In the future,rural revitalization better to strengthen research on the mechanism and development path of mountainous rural decline.It is not only improved the existing theories,but also has certain reference significance for promoting the rural revitalization work at the town level by adopting the idea of“Classification policy”.