2010—2019年济南市肺结核流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ji’nan from 2010 to 2019

目的通过分析2010—2019年济南市肺结核疫情的流行特征,为疫情防控提供数据支持。方法选取《中国疾病预防控制信息系统——传染病监测系统》中2010—2019年济南市肺结核患者资料;济南市各年度人口学资料来源于《济南统计年鉴》。采用描述性流行病学方法分析2010—2019年济南市肺结核监测报告数据,描述其发病的主要特征。结果2010—2019年济南市共报告肺结核患者25495例,年均报告发病率为36.41/10万,报告发病率由2010年的48.96/10万(3024/617.60万)下降到2019年的31.90/10万(2380/746.04万),呈逐年下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(趋势)=371.225,P<0.01)。年均报告发病率居前3位的依次是天桥区(42.97/10万,3001/698.4万)、商河县(41.65/10万,2489/597.66万)、历下区(39.74/10万,2959/744.55万);历城区的报告发病例数位于济南市首位(4402例,占17.27%)。男性年均报告发病率为47.25/10万(16747/3544.64万),明显高于女性的25.30/10万(8748/3457.82万),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2316.435,P<0.01)。男性报告发病主要为15~<25岁组(17.22%,2884/16747)和55~<65岁组(18.12%,3034/16747);女性报告发病以25~<35岁组最高(21.96%,1921/8748)。职业分类为农民的报告发病例数最高,共10800例(占42.36%),其次为家务及待业(4417例,占17.32%)、离退人员(2607例,占10.23%)、学生(2218例,占8.70%)和工人(2114例,占8.29%)。结论2010—2019年济南市肺结核报告发病率呈下降趋势,需加强对青壮年、农民及学生等重点人群的防控。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the pulmonary tuberculosis in Ji’nan from 2010 to 2019,providing data basis for epidemic prevention and control.Methods The data of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ji’nan from 2010 to 2019 were selected from"China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention Infectious Disease Surveillance System".The annual demographic data of Ji’nan were collected from the"Ji’nan Statistical Yearbook".Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of the pulmonary tuberculosis surveillance report in Ji’nan from 2010 to 2019,and the main characteristics of the incidence were also summarized.Results From 2010 to 2019,25495 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Ji’nan,with an average annual reported incidence of 36.41/105.The reported incidence decreased from 48.96/105(3024/6176000)in 2010 to 31.90/105(2380/7460400)in 2019,showing a downward trend year by year(χ^(2 )rend=371.225,P<0.01).The average annual reported incidences of Tianqiao District(42.97/105,3001/6984000),Shanghe District(41.65/105,2489/5976600)and Lixia District(39.74/105,2959/7445500)were the top three;the number of reported pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Licheng District(4402,17.27%)was the most in Ji’nan.The annual reported incidence rate of the male was significantly higher than that of the female(47.25/105(16747/35446400)vs.25.30/105(8748/34578200),χ^(2)=2316.435,P<0.01).The male cases mainly aged15-25 years old(17.22%,2884/16747)and the 55-65 years old(18.12%,3034/16747),and of the female cases,25-35 years old(21.96%,1921/8748)was the most common age of onset.As to occupation distribution,the farmer was the most(10800,42.36%),followed by the housework and unemployment(4417,17.32%),retired personnel(2607,10.23%),students(2218,8.70%)and the worker(2114,8.29%).Conclusion The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ji’nan showed a downward trend from 2010 to 2019.The pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control should be enhanced in young adults,farmers and students.