潜伏性结核感染进展为活动性结核病的机制研究

Research progress on the mechanism of latent tuberculosis infection progressing to active tuberculosis

世界卫生组织将潜伏性结核感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)定义为人体受到结核分枝杆菌抗原刺激后出现持续免疫反应,而没有表现出活动性结核病临床证据的一种状态。全球约1/4的人感染了结核分枝杆菌,其中约5%~10%的感染者最终会进展为活动性结核病。因此,研究LTBI进展为活动性结核病的机制对结核病防控意义重大。作者从结核分枝杆菌感染进程、LTBI进展为活动性结核病的免疫学改变,以及诱发LTBI再活动的危险因素等方面对这一热点问题进行综述。

Latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)is defined as a state of persistent immune response to stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens with no evidence of clinically manifest active tuberculosis.Up to one third of the world’s population is estimated to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,and 5%-10%of those infected people will develop active tuberculosis disease sometime during their lives.Therefore,it is of great significance for tuberculosis prevention and control to study the mechanism of LTBI progressing to active tuberculosis.We reviewed this hot issue from the aspects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection process,immunological changes during LTBI progressing to active tuberculosis and the risk factors that induce LTBI reactivation,etc.