我国冬季耐力项目高原训练的研究与应用

Altitude Training for Endurance-based Winter Sports in China:Research and Application

围绕"科技冬奥"重点科研攻关任务,选取困扰我国冬季耐力项目发展的关键技术"高原训练"为突破点,在充分了解国内外研究现状的基础上,借鉴冬、夏季奥运项目相关研究的成功经验,运用科学有效的测试分析方法,确保了研究成果的科学性、前沿性和创新性。经过60余年的不断尝试,我国在低压缺氧(自然海拔)和常压缺氧(模拟海拔)的科学研究上有了初步的进展,但研究成果多局限于血液学指标与运动能力的研究。运用文献资料法、跟踪测试法和专家访谈法等研究方法,对我国冬季耐力项目发展实践进行系统研究。通过对各种高原训练模式的综述,结合我国冬季耐力项目发展特点,阐述各高原训练模式在我国的应用前景,借助国内外高原训练的成功案例与训练数据,对"W"与"M"两种成熟的高原训练模式的负荷节奏进行论述,推进我国冬季耐力项目高原训练的应用。

This paper revolves around the key research on"science and technology for the Winter Olympics",and takes"altitude training"for endurance winter sports in China as the research object.On the basis of fully understanding the current research status at home and abroad,we draw on experience from relevant research on winter and summer Olympic sports and adopt effective science-based testing and analysis methods to ensure scientific,leading-edge and innovative research results.After over 60 years of continuous attempts,China has made preliminary progress in research on hypobaric hypoxia(natural altitude)and normobaric hypoxia(simulated altitude),but the research results are mostly limited to the study of hematological indicators and exercise capacity.This paper adopts literature review,tracking study,expert interview to systematically study the development in endurance winter sports in China.Based on the review of various altitude training models and the development features of endurance winter sports in China,the application prospects of various altitude training models are expounded.We also resort to some successful cases and training data of altitude training at home and abroad,and analyze load management of the two well developed altitude training models:the"W"and"M"models,with a view to promoting altitude training for endurance winter sports in China.