常用消毒剂对布鲁氏菌疫苗株的灭菌效果评估

Sterilization effect of common disinfectants on vaccine strains of Brucella

【背景】布鲁氏菌是一种重要的人畜共患胞内寄生菌,是引起动物和人发生布鲁氏菌病(布病)的病原体。高效消毒剂杀灭环境中的布鲁氏菌是防控布病的关键措施。【目的】评价市面上常用消毒剂对布鲁氏菌的灭菌效果及差异。【方法】选用市面上9种不同类型的常用消毒剂,以高、中、低3种不同使用浓度分别研究其对牛种、羊种和猪种布鲁氏菌的杀灭效果。同时根据消毒剂的有效浓度通过最小抑菌浓度实验确定各消毒剂的最小抑菌浓度。【结果】除苯酚外,其余8种消毒剂,包括聚维酮碘、癸甲溴铵、苯扎溴铵、戊二醛、复合季铵盐、乙醇和2种商品化消毒剂等在推荐使用浓度下5 min内均能完全杀灭布鲁氏菌,碘酸制剂在0.1%低使用浓度下细菌存活率为0.000039%-0.000095%。苯酚按0.5%的推荐剂量,作用5 min后细菌存活率为0.000144%-0.000183%,20 min后,细菌存活率为0.000138%-0.000193%;按1%的使用剂量作用5 min后,猪种布鲁氏菌存活率为0.000125%,作用20min后的存活率下降至0.000038%。最小抑菌浓度研究结果表明,季铵盐类消毒剂其最小抑菌浓度大致在0.01563%-0.03125%之间,其余消毒剂的最小抑菌浓度结果与消毒剂最低推荐使用浓度基本一致。研究同时发现,不同种属布鲁氏菌对同一消毒剂的敏感性也存在一定差异。【结论】研究结果为生产实践中科学选择布鲁氏菌消毒剂提供了借鉴。

[Background]Brucella is an important intracellular bacterium to cause brucellosis in animals and humans.The key measure to prevent and control brucellosis is to choose high effective disinfectant to remove Brucella from the environment.[Objective]To evaluate the sterilization effect of common disinfectants on Brucella.[Methods]Nine common commercial disinfectants with high,medium and low concentrations were selected to study their sterilization effect on Brucella abortus,melitensis and suis.At the same time,according to the effective concentration of disinfectants,we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of each disinfectant.[Results]Except for phenol,the other eight disinfectants,including povidone iodine,decamethonium bromide,benzalkonium bromide,glutaraldehyde,compound quaternary ammonium salt,ethanol and two commercial disinfectants,could completely eliminate Brucella within 5 minutes.The bacterial survival rate of iodate acid preparation at low concentration(0.1%)was 0.000039%-0.000095%.For phenol,the bacterial survival rate was 0.000144%-0.000183%in 5 minutes and 0.000138%-0.000193%in 20 minutes at the recommended concentration of 0.5%.The bacterial survival rate of Brucella suis was 0.000125%in 5 minutes and decreased to 0.000038%in 20 minutes at the concentration of 1%.MIC results showed that the MIC of quaternary ammonium disinfectants ranged from 0.01563%to 0.03125%,and the MIC results of other disinfectants were basically consistent with the minimum recommended concentration of disinfectants.At the same time,it was found that different species of Brucella had different sensitivity to the same disinfectant.[Conclusion]This study provides reference for disinfectant usage scientifically and reasonably in practice.