《神农本草经》中肿瘤治疗相关药物分析

Analysis on Tumor-related Medicine in Shennong′s Classic of the Materia Medica(《神农本草经》)

目的挖掘《神农本草经》中的抗肿瘤药物,分析药物的性味归经及现代药理学成分,为抗肿瘤中草药研发提供参考。方法通过"癥瘕""积聚"等关键词对《神农本草经》中的药物进行筛选,依据《中华人民共和国药典》对所筛选药物进行规范删减,结合《中药学》归纳筛选出药物的现代中药学分类,统计分析药物"四气""五味""归经",通过TCMSP平台和TCMID平台查询中药所包含的化合物,并根据Cytoscape 3.7.2软件分析和筛选重要的中药和化合物。结果《神农本草经》中的主治包含"癥瘕""积聚"等关键词的药物共计73味,以下品药与植物药居多,中品药与动物药次之。规范删减后保留现代常用抗肿瘤药物共计42味,这些药以苦寒药居多,辛温药次之,多归为肺、脾、肝、肾、胃经。Cytoscape 3.7.2软件分析得出degree值排名前十位的中药有麻黄、赤芍、干地黄、桑白皮、牡丹皮、夏枯草、京大戟、柴胡、丹参、白头翁,排名前五位的化合物为β-谷甾醇、槲皮素、山奈酚、谷甾醇、木犀草素。结论《神农本草经》中抗肿瘤相关药物的自然属性与性味归经符合肿瘤治疗的基本思路,高频中药及化合物经现代研究证实均具有一定的抗肿瘤功效,可为抗肿瘤药物的研发提供理论参考。

Objective To explore the anti-tumor medicine in Shennong′s Classic of the Materia Medica(《神农本草经》)by analyzing their natures,flavors,channel entry,and modern pharmacological components,and to provide references for researches and development of anti-tumor medicine.Methods Keywords related to concretions and conglomerations(癥瘕)and accumulations and gatherings(积聚)were used to identify tumor-related medicine in Shennong′s Classic of the Materia Medica.The identified medicine were then standardized and deleted according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia(《中华人民共和国药典》).Chinese Material Medica(《中药学》)was referred to when classifying the standardized medicine,and the four qi,five flavors,and channel entry of the medicine were calculated.TCMSP platform and TCMID platform were used to search the compounds of the medicine,and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was adopted to analyze the medicine and its compounds.Results Seventy-three medicine were found to be related with concretions,conglomerations,accumulations and gatherings in Shennong′s Classic of the Materia Medica,of which lower grade and botanicals were the most,followed by middle grade and animal medicine.After standard deletion,42 commonly used anti-tumor medicine were included,mostly of bitter-cold flavor followed by acrid-warm flavor,and entering lung,spleen,liver,kidney and stomach channel.The analysis by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software showed that the top 10 medicine of highest degree value were Mahuang(Herba Ephedrae),Chishao(Radix Paeoniae Rubra),Gandihuang(Radix Rehmanniae Recens),Sangbaipi(Cortex Mori),Mudanpi(Cortex Moutan),Xiakucao(Spica Prunellae),Jingdaji(Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis),Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri),Danshen(Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae),and Baitouweng(Radix Pulsatillae);the top five compounds were β-sitosterol,quercetin,kaempferol,sitosterol,and luteolin.Conclusion The properties,natures,flavors,and channel entries of anti-tumor medicine in Shennong′s Classic of the Materia Medica are in line with the basic idea of tumor treatment;the high frequency Chinese medicine and compounds have been confirmed to have certain anti-tumor effects in modern studies,providing theoretical references for the development and research of anti-tumor medicine.