河南省栾川县土源性线虫病监测结果分析

Monitoring results of soil-borne nematodes in Luanchuan County,Henan Province

目的了解2011-2015年河南省栾川县蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫、蛲虫等土源性线虫病的流行动态。方法2011-2015年,每年收集不少于1000人份的粪便样本,采用改良加藤厚涂片法检查土源性线虫,钩虫阳性者粪样用试管滤纸培养法鉴定虫种;3~12周岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵;每年随机抽取10户家庭,收集其菜地、厕所、庭院和厨房的土壤样本,用改良饱和硝酸钠漂浮法检测土壤蛔虫卵污染情况。结果2011-2015年累计监测5050人,共发现土源性线虫感染者93人。儿童蛲虫感染率极低,除2015年为1.59%(1/63)外,其他年度均为0。2011年土源性线虫感染率最高,为2.10%(21/1000),2015年感染率最低,为1.47%(15/1018),二者差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.130,P>0.05)。各年龄段均有感染,20~岁、30~岁组感染率最低,50~岁、60~岁组感染率最高,大部分年份在3%以上。土源性线虫感人数在低文化程度人群中比例较高。随机采集土壤样本200份,未发现人蛔虫卵。结论2011-2015年栾川县土源性线虫感染情况维持在较低水平,且感染率呈下降趋势;农民,10岁以下儿童及50岁以上中老年人是重点防治人群,蛔虫为重点防治虫种。

Objective To understand the epidemic dynamics of Ascaris lumbricoides,hookworm,Trichuris Trichuris and pinworm in Luanchuan County of Henan Province from 2011 to 2015.Methods From 2011 to 2015,fecal samples of no less than 1000 people were collected every year,and the modified Kato thick smear method was used to detect soil borne nematodes.The fecal samples of hookworm positive people were identified by tube filter paper culture method.Children aged 3-12 were given transparent adhesive tape anal swab to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs;soil samples from vegetable fields,toilets,courtyards and kitchens of 10 families were collected randomly every year,and the pollution of soil Ascaris eggs was detected by modified saturated sodium nitrate floating method.Results From 2011 to 2015,a total of 5050 people were monitored,and 93 people were found to be infected with soil borne nematodes.The infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis in children was very low,except for 1.59%(1/63)in 2015.The highest infection rate of soil transmitted nematodes was 2.10%(21/1000)in 2011,and the lowest was 1.47%(15/1018)in 2015.There was no significant difference between the two groups(χ2=1.130,P>0.05).The infection rate was the lowest in 20-year-old and 30-year-old groups,and the highest in 50-year-old and 60 year-old groups,which was more than 3%in most years.The proportion of people with low education level was higher.No Ascaris eggs were found in 200 soil samples.Conclusion The infection rate of soil-borne nematodes in Luanchuan County remained at a low level from 2011 to 2015,and the infection rate showed a downward trend.Farmers,children under 10-years-old and elderly people over 50 years old are the key control groups,and Ascaris lumbricoides is the key control species.