谈谈甲骨文摹写中值得注意的一些重要字形信息

On Some Important Information of Graphic Form in Copying Oracle Bone Inscriptions

甲骨文摹写看似操作性工作,实际上需要“认清字形”,这不仅关涉摹本、释文的准确与否,还直接影响到字头或异体的确立、文字的考释、构形规律及刻写规律的总结等。本文从五个方面讨论摹写时可多加注意或需要提高的地方:一、注意分析字形结构、揣摩字理;二、注意书写者的刻写特征;三、注意联系他处异写或形体相关的文字;四、充分验证各种“版本”,尤其注重影像资料及实物,尽可能反映文字原貌,免受有问题或不完善的著录误导;五、注意甲骨上的刮磨、改刻等特殊刻写现象。讨论时结合二十多个例子,说明准确辨认及摹写字形带来的新知,并对有关字形作了考释研究。

The copying of oracle bone inscriptions seems to be a procedural work.In fact,the copier needs to"recognize the graphic form",which is not only related to the accuracy of the copy and its interpretation,but also directly affects the identification of single characters and their variants,the textual research,and the summary of configuration and engraving rules.In this paper,the author discusses notable points to improve the copying,mainly divided into five aspects:(1)Attention should be paid to the analysis of the character structure and its rationale;(2)the writing characteristics of the writer should be noticed;(3)the allogeneic or related forms in other places should be linked;(4)different"versions"reflecting the characters,including the image data and the real objects of oracle bones,should be fully examined to represent the original appearance of the characters as much as possible,so as to avoid being misled by the problematic or imperfect description;(5)special phenomena on the oracle bones like scratching or alter-carving should be identified.In the discussion,more than 20 examples are given to illustrate the new light shed by identical copying of character forms,through which the author makes textual research on some of the characters.