中国城乡要素配置状态的时序变化与空间差异分析

Allocation of Production Factors between China's Urban and Rural:Temporal Variation and Spatial Difference

本文对中国城乡要素配置状态的时序变化及空间差异进行研究。构建农业与非农部门要素配置状态的测算框架,运用永续盘存法估计固定资本存量,回归得到要素产出弹性,在此基础上计算1996—2016年全国、省级、地区和粮食功能区等不同层面的城乡部门要素错配系数。从时序变化来看,全国层面非农部门的要素配置状态不断向好,近年来基本实现了要素优化配置;农业部门的要素配置状态在1996—2013年趋于恶化,近年来有好转趋势。从空间差异来看,东部省份的农业部门要素配置状态趋于优化,东北省份变化不明显,中西部省份则呈现要素错配程度加重之势;粮食主销区的农业部门要素配置状态较好,粮食主产区和粮食产销平衡区的农业部门要素错配程度较为严重。基于以上结论,提出促进资本和劳动力在城乡之间优化配置的政策建议。

This paper studies the allocation of production factors between China's urban and rural,and focuses on its temporal variation and spatial difference.This paper constructs the measurement framework of the factors allocation between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors.On this basis,the perpetual inventory method is used to estimate the fixed capital stock,and the elasticity of production factors output is obtained by regression.Then the production factors misallocation coefficient of urban and rural sectors at the national,provincial,regional and grain functional areas levels from 1996 to 2016 is calculated.From the perspective of temporal variation,the state of factors allocation in nonagricultural sectors at the national level has been improving,and the optimal allocation of production factors has basically been achieved in recent years.From 1996 to 2013,the allocation of production factors in the agricultural sector tended to deteriorate,and in recent years,it has improved.From the perspective of spatial difference,the allocation of agricultural production factors tends to be optimized in eastern provinces,the changes of provinces in northeast provinces are not obvious,and the misallocation degree is increasing in central and western provinces.The degree of misallocation of agricultural elements in main grain-selling areas is the least,and the degree of misallocation of agricultural elements in main grain-producing areas,and grain balance areas is more serious.Based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward policy suggestions to promote the optimal allocation of capital and labor between urban and rural.