主要蝗虫生态治理策略在我国的实践应用

Application and practice of major ecological strategies for locust control in China

蝗灾是全球性的重大自然灾害。20世纪末,由于全球气候变化和人类对自然资源的不合理开发利用,蝗灾呈持续加重趋势。2020年初,沙漠蝗Schistocerca gregaria大面积暴发,席卷了从西非到东非、从西亚至南亚的20多个国家,给农牧业生产带来巨大损失,严重威胁全球粮食安全。高效、长久的控制蝗灾成为人类面临的一个重大课题。本文主要总结蝗虫生态治理策略的概念以及草场改良、放牧调节、天敌招引等不同治理措施对蝗虫种群的影响,并指出蝗虫生态治理策略面临的一些问题,并对未来应用情况进行了展望。

Locust plague is a worldwide natural disaster.At the end of 20 th century,locust plagues broke out continuously and seriously due to global climate change and unreasonable exploitation and utilization of natural resources by human beings.At the beginning of 2020,a large-scale outbreak of Schistocerca gregaria spread over more than 20 countries from western Africa to eastern Africa and from western Asia to southern Asia,brought huge losses to agriculture and animal husbandry production,and seriously threatened the global food security.Efficient and long-term control of locust plagues has become a major project for human beings.This article focused on the ecological control strategies for locust plagues and the effects of different measures on locust populations,such as renovation of breeding grounds,grassland improvement,grazing adjustment and attraction of natural enemies.Furthermore,the problems in ecological locust management strategies and their application prospects were discussed.