不连续气体交换循环呼吸模式下西藏飞蝗和东亚飞蝗的呼吸特征参数

Respiratory characteristic parameters of Locusta migratoria tibetensis and L.m.manilensis under breathing mode of discontinuous gas exchange cycle

为解析西藏飞蝗对青藏高原干燥低氧环境的呼吸适应机制,本研究比较不连续气体交换循环(discontinuous gas exchange,DGC)呼吸模式下西藏飞蝗Locusta migratoria tibetensis与东亚飞蝗L.m.manilensis的呼吸特征参数。结果表明:西藏飞蝗和东亚飞蝗4、5龄蝗蝻及雄成虫均采用DGC呼吸模式,且雄成虫呼吸速率的峰值和周期比其4、5龄蝗蝻更稳定;西藏飞蝗4龄蝗蝻DGC历时为13.75 min,显著高于东亚飞蝗的6.46 min,而其5龄蝗蝻和雄成虫DGC历时分别为7.46 min和8.53 min,显著低于东亚飞蝗的15.70 min和14.44 min;西藏飞蝗4、5龄蝗蝻的暴发间期历时所占比例分别为7.40%和26.70%,显著低于东亚飞蝗4、5龄蝗蝻(分别为22.20%和67.20%),其雄成虫暴发间期历时所占比例为79.20%,显著高于东亚飞蝗雄成虫的53.60%;西藏飞蝗4、5龄蝗蝻和雄成虫代谢率分别为3.92、3.81和2.90 W/kg,与东亚飞蝗4、5龄蝗蝻和雄成虫差异不显著(分别为4.27、3.45和3.07 W/kg)。西藏飞蝗分布于低氧高海拔青藏高原,其DGC历时和暴发间期历时所占比例异于东亚飞蝗,表明DGC呼吸模式与其对高原环境的适应有关。

To figure out the respiratory adaptation mechanism of Locusta migratoria tibetensis living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the respiratory characteristic parameters under breathing mode of the discontinuous gas exchange cycle(DGC)of L.migratoria tibetensis and L.m.manilensis were compared.The results showed that the 4 th instar,5 th instar nymphs and male adults of L.m.tibetensis and L.m.manilensis adopted DGC breathing mode,the peak and cycle of male adult respiration rate were more stable than those of 4 th instar and 5 th instar nymphs.The duration of DGC of the 4 th instar nymph of L.m.tibetensis(13.75 min)was significantly higher than that of L.m.manilensis(6.46 min).However,the duration of DGC of the 5 th instar nymph and male adult of the L.m.tibetensis(7.46 min and 8.53 min)were significantly lower than those of L.m.manilensis(15.70 min and 14.44 min).The rates of interburst durations of the 4 th instar and 5 th instar nymphs of the L.m.tibetensis(7.40%and 26.70%)were significantly lower than those of L.m.manilensis(22.20%and 67.20%);however,the rate of interburst duration of its male adult(79.20%)was significantly higher than that of L.m.manilensis(53.60%).The standard metabolic rates of the 4 th instar,5 th instar nymphs and male adult of L.m.tibetensis(3.92,3.81 and 2.90 W/kg)had no significant difference from those of L.m.manilensis(4.27,3.45 and 3.07 W/kg).Because L.m.tibetensis is distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with low oxygen and high altitude,the duration of DGC and the rate of interburst duration were different from those of L.m.manilensis.This study indicated that the DGC breathing mode was related to the adaptation to the plateau environment.