“舆论”还是“思想”:作为启蒙文本的《新青年》研究

"Public Opinion" or "Thought" : A Study of the Enlightenment Text New Youth

1915年9月,《新青年》创刊,开启了中国现代性启蒙之路。然而《新青年》的启蒙之路却经历了一个从门可罗雀到门庭若市的过程,这其中既包含了陈子沛等人在杂志运行方面的同心协力,更蕴藏着陈独秀集主编、主撰于一身的运筹帷幄和苦心经营。从"借助"《甲寅》创办《青年杂志》开始,标新立异的用稿标准、招股与揽才并重的两大发展主题、取大同存小异的总编方针使得《新青年》成为一代名刊。但作为资深革命党人的陈独秀所立意策划、聚拢的同仁杂志是一个带有明显功利色彩的舆论刊物。面对内忧外患的现实,狂热的功利主义心理使得他们见什么武器就用什么武器,同时选取"利己"舆论为我所用。这样的"设计感"一方面成全了中国的公共舆论场,但也带来了问题——西方深刻的思想资源没有真正进入并内化,倒是功利、实用、工具主义铺天盖地,这也为日后马克思主义进驻中国并华丽转身留下了空间。

In September 1915,New Youth started its publication,which opened the way of Chinese modernity enlightenment.However,the enlightenment of New Youth has gone through a process from being unknown to being popular,which not only contains the concerted operation of Chen Zipei and others,but also reflects Chen Duxiu’s effort with his painstaking work as the chief editor and author. Based on Youth with " the help" of the magazine Jiayin,New Youth has become a famous issue because of its innovative standard of writing,the two development themes of equal emphasis on recruiting stocks and talents and the major editorial policy of keeping the same in essentials while differing in minor points. But New Youth,which is designed to attract his partners by the sophisticated revolutionist Cheng Duxiu,was a magazine gathering public opinion with obvious utilitarian color. In the face of domestic trouble and foreign invasion,the fanatic utilitarian psychology made them use whatever weapon they see,and simultaneously choose the public opinion of "benefiting themselves" for their own use. For one thing,the " sense of design" has not only created China’s public opinion field,but also brought some problems. The profound western ideological resources have not been really internalized,whereas utilitarianism,pragmatism and instrumentalism prevailed,which yet make it possible for Marxism to enter China later and develop smoothly.