五味子新品种‘金五味1号’选育研究

Breeding Study of a New Variety of Schisandra chinensis‘Jinwuwei NO.1’

目的:选育综合性状优良的五味子新品种。方法:采用实生选种的方法,从多份五味子种质资源中筛选五味子优良实生单株,经无性繁殖定植于选种圃,对生物学特性及果实品质进行评价,并开展区域试验,选育出优质、丰产、抗病的黄色果实五味子新品种,并命名为‘金五味1号’。结果:分别于2012~2014年在长白县十四道沟镇、集安市通胜街道、吉林市左家镇开展‘金五味1号’品种比较试验,该品种与对照品种‘红珍珠’相比,树势相对旺盛,果实黄色,果穗较大,增产10%以上。2012年‘金五味1号’3年生园平均产量4298.2 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产21.3%;2013年‘金五味1号’4年生园平均产量7584.2 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产5.4%;2014年‘金五味1号’5年生园平均产量12415.1 kg/hm^(2),比对照增产10.1%。果实中含可溶性固形物9.90%,总酸含量5.63%,出汁率67.46%;干果含五味子醇甲0.555%,五味子醇乙0.090%,五味子乙素0.294%,其主要有效成分含量符合2015年版中国药典一部标准要求。结论:五味子新品种‘金五味1号’具有高产稳产、优质、适应性广和综合抗性强等特点,于2016年3月通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定。

Objective:To select the new variety of Schisandra chinensis with good comprehensive characters.Methods:Using the method of seedling selection,the fine single plant of Schisandra chinensis was selected from several germplasm resources and planted in seed selection nursery through asexual propagation.The biological characteristics and fruit quality were evaluated,the regional and production experiment was carried out to select the new yellow fruit variety of Schisandra chinensis with high quality,high yield and disease resistance and named‘Jinwuwei NO.1’.Results:‘Jinwuwei NO.1’was tested in Shisidaogou town of Changbai county,Tongsheng street of Ji′an city and Zuojia town of Jilin city from 2012 to 2014.Compared with the control variety"Red Pearl",the variety had a relatively vigorous tree,yellow fruit,large cluster and an increase production by more than 10%.In 2012,the average output of‘Jinwuwei NO.1’3-year-old garden was 4298.2 kg/hm^(2),21.3%higher than that of the control;In 2013,the average output of‘Jinwuwei NO.1’4-year-old garden was 7584.2 kg/hm^(2),5.4%higher than that of the control;In 2014,the average output of‘Jinwuwei NO.1’5-year-old garden was 12415.1 kg/hm^(2),10.1%higher than that of the control.The fruit contained 9.90%of soluble solids,5.63%of total acid and 67.46%of juice yield;The dried fruit contained 0.555%of schisandrin A,0.090%of schisandrol B,0.294%of schisandrin B.The contents of its main effective components met the requirements of the first part of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015.Conclusion:‘Jinwuwei NO.1’,the new variety of Schisandra chinensis,has the characteristics of high and stable yield,high quality,wide adaptability and strong comprehensive resistance.It is approved by Jilin provincial crop variety approval committee in March 2016.