乌海矿区排矸场土壤酶活性及其与土壤养分的关系研究

STUDY ON THE SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SOIL NUTRIENTS IN GANGUE FIELD IN WUHAI MINING AREA

土壤酶对生态系统的物质转化和土壤肥力的形成起着重要作用,研究土壤酶活性变化特征及其与土壤养分之间的关系对矿区排矸场土壤改良及植被恢复具有重要意义。本研究以乌海市平沟煤矿排矸场为研究对象,采用野外调查取样与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了排矸场平台、边坡0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层内3种土壤酶活性和土壤养分的变化特征及二者之间的关系。结果表明:土壤蔗糖酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶活性均呈现出表聚性;在同一土层,3种土壤酶活性均呈现出纤维素酶>蔗糖酶>淀粉酶的变化规律,且3种酶活性间差异显著;在0~20 cm土层深度内,2种小地形土壤蔗糖酶活性呈现平台显著大于边坡的规律,纤维素酶活性则存在相反规律。2种小地形土壤有机质、全效和速效N、P、K含量均随土层深度增加而减小;且呈现出全效高于速效的变化趋势。影响排矸场土壤蔗糖酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶活性的主要因子分别为全N、速效K和全K,全N、速效K和有机质,有机质、速效K和碱解N。

Soil enzymes play an important role in the material transformation of the ecosystem and the formation of soil fertility.It is of great significance to study the characteristics of soil enzyme activity and the relationship between soil enzyme activity and soil nutrients for soil improvement and vegetation restoration in gangue field in mining areas.In this study,the gangue field of Pinggou coal mine in Wuhai city was used as the research object.The characteristics of soil enzyme activities and soil nutrient changes in soil layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm of the gangue field platform and slope,as well as the relationship between them,were studied by combining the field survey sampling and indoor analysis.The results showed that the activities of sucrase,cellulose,and amylase in soil showed surface polymerization.Within the same soil depth,the activities of the three soil enzymes all showed the change rule of cellulase>sucrase>amylase,and significant differences were found between the activities of the three enzymes.In the soil layer within the depth of 0-20 cm,the activities of sucrase in the two small topographic soils was significantly larger than that in the slope,while the activities of cellulase showed the opposite characteristics.The contents of organic matter,total available N,P,K,and available N,P and K in the two kinds of small topographies decreased with the soil depth increasing,and showed a trend that the contents of the total effect were higher than that of the available.The main factors affecting the soil sucrase activities in the gangue filed in Wuhai coal mine area were total N and quick K,and the main factors of the cellulase activities were total K,total N and quick K,and organic matter,quick K,and alkali-hydrolysis N for the amylase activities.