《资本论》对工人阶级健康问题的批判、揭示与展望

The Critique,Disclosure and Prospect of the Working Class Health Issue in Das Kapital

马克思在《资本论》中把工人阶级健康问题作为批判资本主义社会,分析资本主义社会主要矛盾,揭示资本主义社会发展规律、无产阶级革命规律、人类社会发展规律的重要切入点。在资本主义社会,资本家肆意侵蚀和吞噬工人生命和健康,迫使工人生命和健康状况长期处于极度恶化状态。在资本家工厂里,工人普遍患上一种或几种疾病,工人患病人数、患病率和患病死亡率不断上升。想尽一切办法和使用一切手段实现资本增值是资本家的唯一使命。无限占有工人剩余劳动,迫使工人从事过度劳动和有害劳动,资本主义生产过程实质上是一个工人生命和健康不断被侵蚀和吞噬的过程,牺牲工人生命和健康换来资本增值是资本主义生产发展的奥秘。只有打碎资产阶级国家机器和消灭生产资料的资本主义私有制,建立无产阶级专政和生产资料的社会主义公有制,建设社会主义和实现共产主义,工人阶级才能从根本上获得健康人权,人类社会才能真正形成人人健康的自由人联合体。马克思在《资本论》中关于工人阶级健康问题的基本立场观点方法,鲜明标示了抗击新冠肺炎疫情的道义制高点,明确指示了健康中国建设和行动的推进方向,科学预示了人类卫生健康共同体的构建之道,正确提示了非公企业健康权问题的分析立场。

In Das Kapital, Marx took the working class health issue as an important starting point to criticize the capitalist society, analyze the main contradictions of the capitalist society, reveal the development law of the capitalist society, the law of the proletarian revolution and the development law of human society. In the capitalist society, capitalists wantonly erode and devour workers' lives and health, forcing workers' lives and health to deteriorate extremely for a long time. In capitalist factories, workers commonly suffer from one or more diseases, and the number, prevalence and mortality of the ill are rising. It is the sole mission of capitalists to do everything possible and use all means to achieve capital increment. Unlimited occupation of workers' surplus labor forces workers to engage in excessive and harmful labor. The essence of capitalist production process is a process in which workers' lives and health are constantly eroded and swallowed up. It is the secret of capitalist production development to sacrifice workers' lives and health for capital increment. Only by smashing the capitalist state machine and eliminating the capitalist private ownership of the means of production, establishing the dictatorship of proletariat and the socialist public ownership of the means of production, and constructing socialism and realizing communism, can the working class fundamentally obtain human rights to health, and human society truly form a health-for-all free man union. In Das Kapital, Marx's basic position, viewpoints and methods of the working class health issue,clearly marks the moral commanding heights of fighting against the novel coronavirus epidemic, specifically instructs the construction of Healthy China and the direction of the action, scientifically predicts the way to build a community with a shared future for human health, and correctly suggests the analytical position of non-public enterprises' right to health.