“中甸之争”:清初丽江改土归流原因探析

“Fighting for Zhongdian”:An Analysis on Replacing the Native Chieftainship with Direct Governance by Assigned Officials to Lijiang in the Early-Qing Periods

清初,滇西北地区形势复杂多变,康熙年间丽江木氏土司对中甸等地的控制权进行了近40年(1682-1720)的争夺。“中甸之争”涉及云南、四川、和硕特蒙古、丽江木氏土司等多方势力,并一直延续到丽江改土归流前夕,与丽江改土归流有重要联系。中甸的战略地位以及“中甸之争”是丽江改土归流的内因,罗卜藏丹津叛乱是外因,“中甸之争”的影响是高其倬奏请清政府丽江改土归流的直接理由,而土民控诉、请求改土归流则是丽江改土归流的导火索。

In the early Qing Dynasty,the situation in Northwest Yunnan was very complicated. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi,Mu family fought for the control of Zhongdian for nearly 40 years( 1682-1720). The fighting involved Yunnan,Sichuan,the Khoshut-Mongolians,the chieftains of Lijiang Mu Family and other political forces,and lasted until the eve of Lijiang’s gaituguiliu( 改土归流),which had an important impact on the traditional native chieftainship.‘Fighting for Zhongdian’ is the internal cause of the gaituguiliu at Lijiang,and the rebellion of Lobsang Tenzin( 罗卜藏丹津) is the external cause. The struggling for Zhongdianis the direct reason why Gao Qizhuoasked the Qing government to replace the native chieftainship with direct governance by assigned officials,and local complaints were only the trigger of this change.