陕西关中不同小麦品种产量以及氮磷效率差异研究

Yield and Nutrient Efficiency of Different Wheat Varieties in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province

为筛选出高产高效的小麦品种,以陕西关中平原现行栽培以及新育成的15个主要小麦品种为材料,通过大田试验,在两个施肥处理下(不施肥,推荐施肥),研究不同小麦品种的产量、氮磷效率差异及其内在生理机制。结果表明,在施肥和不施肥条件下,部分小麦品种间的产量均存在显著差异,其中,施肥条件下小麦产量为2757.5~4589.5 kg·hm^(-2),不施肥条件下小麦产量为1928.3~3065.8 kg·hm^(-2)。无论施肥与否,部分小麦品种间氮、磷效率均差异显著。施肥条件下,小麦产量与收获指数、穗粒数呈极显著正相关;而不施肥条件下,小麦产量仅与穗粒数呈极显著正相关。相关性分析结果显示,施肥条件下,品种间产量高低与开花期旗叶碳氮比有关;而不施肥条件下,品种间产量高低与叶绿素相对含量和旗叶衰老速率有关。在施肥条件下,品种间氮、磷利用效率的高低主要与可溶性糖转运量、开花期旗叶碳氮比及其衰老速度有关;而不施肥情况下,品种间氮、磷利用效率主要与收获指数有关。从最佳产量和实际生产考虑,在推荐施肥条件下高产高效品种有伟隆121和伟隆123。

In order to screen out high yield and high efficiency wheat varieties,15 main wheat varieties currently cultivated and newly bred in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province were used as materials to study the yield,nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)efficiency and their internal physiological mechanism under two fertilization levels(no fertilization and recommended fertilization).The results showed that the wheat yield was from 2757.5 to 4589.5 kg·hm^(-2) under fertilization treatment,and the wheat yield was from 1928.3 to 3065.8 kg·hm^(-2) under no fertilization treatment,and significant difference was found among varieties of different treatments.There were significant differences of nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency among some different wheat varieties regardless of fertilization or not.Under the condition of fertilization,wheat yield was significantly positive correlated with harvest index and grain number per spike;While under the condition of no fertilization,wheat yield was significantly positive correlated grain number per spike.Principal component analysis showed that under the condition of fertilization,the yield was related to the C/N ratio of flag leaf;While under the condition of no fertilization,the yield was related to the relative content of chlorophyll and senescence rate of flag leaf.Under the condition of fertilization,the nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency among varieties was mainly related to soluble carbohydrates translocation amount,C/N ratio and senescence rate of flag leaf;While under the condition of no fertilization,the nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency among varieties was mainly related to harvest index.Considering the optimum yield and actual agricultural production,Weilong 121 and Weilong 123 were the high-yield and high-efficiency varieties.