播期、密度和氮肥运筹对瑞华麦520产量和品质的影响

Effect of Sowing Date,Density and Fertilizer Rate on Grain Yield and Quality of the Wheat Cultivar Ruihuamai 520

为确立抗病小麦品种瑞华麦520高产优质高效栽培管理措施,在大田研究了播期、密度、施氮量及氮肥基追比对瑞华麦520籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明,播期和密度对籽粒产量和品质均有明显影响,不同施肥量间差异显著,且播期效应大于密度和施肥效应。播期与密度试验中,10月10日播种、基本苗225万株·hm^(-2)时产量最高,10月10日后随着播期的推迟籽粒产量下降;籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和面团稳定时间均随播期的推迟而增加;籽粒蛋白质含量随密度增加而降低,湿面筋含量和面团稳定时间受密度影响不大。氮肥运筹试验中,施氮量180~270 kg·hm^(-2)范围内,籽粒产量随施氮量的增加而快速增加,施氮量超过270 kg·hm^(-2)后产量增长缓慢;氮肥基追比7∶3时产量最高;籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和面团稳定时间随着施氮量的增加而上升。综合分析,在本试验条件下,10月10日播种、基本苗225万·hm^(-2)、施氮量270 kg·hm^(-2)、基追比7∶3时瑞华麦520可以获得更高的产量和品质。

In order to establish the management strategies for high yield and superior quality in production of the wheat cultivar Ruihuamai 520,the effects of sowing date,planting density,nitrogen management on grain yield and quality were studied in the field.The results showed that sowing date and planting density significantly affected grain yield and quality,and there were significant differences among different fertilization rates,and the effects of sowing date on grain yield were greater than that of planting density and fertilizer rate.In the experiment of sowing date and density,the yield was the highest when sowing on October 10 and the basic seedlings were 2.25×106·hm^(-2);After October 10,the grain yield decreased with the delay of sowing date;The protein content,wet gluten content and stability time increased with the delay of sowing date;The protein content decreased with the increase of planting density,but the wet gluten content and stability time were not affected by the planting density.In the experiment of nitrogen application,the grain yield increased rapidly with the increase of nitrogen application rate in the range of 180-270 kg·hm^(-2),and the yield increased slowly after exceeding 270 kg·hm^(-2);The yield was the highest when the ratio of base to topdressing fertilization was 7∶3;The protein content,wet gluten content and stable time increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Integrated analysis on grain yield and quality showed the appropriate management combination for high yield and superior quality cultivation of Ruihuamai 520 was sowing date of October 10,planting density of 2.25×106·hm^(-2),nitrogen rate of 270 kg·hm^(-2) and base to topdressing fertilization ratio of 7∶3.