成都地区儿童上呼吸道病毒和细菌感染状况及流行病学特征

Status and epidemiological characteristics of upper respiratory tract viral and bacterial infection among children in Chengdu

目的了解成都地区儿童急性上呼吸道病毒和细菌感染状况,并分析其流行病学特征。方法将2018年4月至2020年4月医院收治住院治疗的1324例急性上呼吸道感染患儿纳入研究。对咽拭子标本进行病原体培养、分离与鉴定。结果1324份标本中,检出阳性1012份,阳性率为76.44%,其中单纯病毒感染检出率为50.40%,单纯细菌感染检出率为16.21%,混合感染检出率为33.40%。1324份标本中,细菌和病毒总检出率为76.44%,其中单纯病毒感染检出率为47.13%,单纯细菌感染检出率为16.21%,混合感染检出率为33.40%;细菌类型以流感嗜血杆菌为主,病毒类型以呼吸道合胞病毒A为主;不同年龄儿童上呼吸道病毒感染阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同季节儿童上呼吸道细菌和病毒感染阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同地区儿童上呼吸道病毒感染阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论成都地区儿童上呼吸道感染以病毒感染为主,流感嗜血杆菌和呼吸道合胞病毒A为儿童上呼吸道感染的主要病原体,0~1岁为上呼吸道细菌感染高发年龄,1~4岁为上呼吸道病毒感染高发年龄,冬季和城区儿童上呼吸道感染阳性率较高。

Objective To understand the status of acute upper respiratory tract viral and bacterial infections in children in Chengdu and to analyze its epidemiological characteristics.Methods From April 2018 to April 2020,1324 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection admitted to Chengdu Second People′s Hospital were enrolled in the study.Pathogens from throat swab specimens were cultured,isolated,and identified.Results Among 1324 specimens,the detection rate of bacterial and viral infection was 76.44%(1012/1324).The detection rate of simple viral infection was 50.40%,the detection rate of simple bacterial infection was 16.21%,and the detection rate of mixed infection was 33.40%.Haemophilus influenzae was the main bacterial type and respiratory syncytial virus A was the main virus type.The positive rate of upper respiratory tract viral infection among children with different ages was significantly different(P<0.05).The positive rate of viral and bacterial upper respiratory tract infection showed a statistically significant difference among different infection seasons(P<0.05).In addition,the positive rate of viral upper respiratory tract infection among children from different districts had statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion Children with upper respiratory tract infections in Chengdu area are mainly viral infections.Haemophilus influenzae and respiratory syncytial virus A are the main pathogens of upper respiratory tract infections in children.0~1 year old is the age with the highest incidence of upper respiratory tract bacterial infection,while 1~4 years old is the age with the highest incidence of virus infection.Children in urban areas and in winter have higher positive rates of upper respiratory tract infections.