广州市儿童常见过敏性疾病的过敏原检测结果分析

Analysis of allergens in children with common allergic diseases in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市儿童常见过敏性疾病的过敏原分布状况,为不同过敏性疾病患儿的环境过敏原防治提供依据。方法纳入喘息性疾病及哮喘(1013例)、过敏性鼻炎(660例)、过敏性结膜炎(422例)、湿疹(2762例)、特应性皮炎(831例)和荨麻疹(1181例)患儿共6869例,经免疫印迹法检测血清过敏原E型特异性抗体(sIgE),并对检测结果进行统计学描述和分析。结果在6869例患儿中,过敏原sIgE阳性总检出率为74.01%,男性患儿阳性率(75.02%)高于女性患儿(72.25%),吸入性过敏原阳性率(53.47%)低于食入性过敏原(57.39%)。尘螨和牛奶分别是阳性率最高的吸入性过敏原和食入性过敏原。婴幼儿期患儿最常见的过敏性疾病是湿疹;学龄期患儿常见过敏性鼻炎和荨麻疹。结论广州地区导致儿童过敏性疾病的主要过敏原为尘螨和牛奶。不同类型的过敏性疾病的过敏原不相同,应该根据不同类型过敏性疾病的主要过敏原采取针对性防治措施。

Objective To understand the distribution of allergens in children with common allergic diseases in Guangzhou,and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of environmental allergens in children with different allergic diseases.Methods This study enrolled a total of 6869 children with allergic diseases,including wheezing diseases and asthma(1013 cases),allergic rhinitis(660 cases),allergic conjunctivitis(422 cases),eczema(2762 cases),atopic dermatitis(831 cases)and urticaria(1181 cases).Western blotting was used to detect the serum allergen type E specific antibodies(sIgE)of the patients.The results were statistically analyzed.Results The total positive rate of sIgE in 6869 children was 74.01%.The positive rate of male children(75.02%)was higher than that of female children(72.25%).The positive rate of inhalation allergens(53.47%)was higher than that of food allergens(57.39%).House dust mites and milk were the most common inhalation allergens and food allergens,respectively.Eczema was the most common allergic disease in infants and toddlers.Allergic rhinitis and urticaria were common in school-age children.Conclusion The main allergens causing allergic diseases in children in Guangzhou were dust mites and milk.Different allergic diseases had its specific allergens.It is necessary to take targeted prevention measures accordingly.