2012-2017年孝感市疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

Analysis of suspected adverse events following immunization based on surveillance data in Xiaogan City in 2012-2017

目的分析2012—2017年孝感市疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)监测系统数据,评价监测系统敏感性及疫苗使用质量安全性。方法通过中国免疫规划AEFI监测信息系统,导出2012—2017年孝感市AEFI报告个案信息数据,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2012—2017年孝感市报告AEFI个案2457例,AEFI报告发生率22.37/10万,其中,一般反应报告发生率为20.04/10万,主要以发热/红肿/硬结为主,异常反应报告发生率为1.98/10万,以过敏性皮疹为主,无疫苗质量和差错事故。每月均有病例报告,但全年病例报告时间分布差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=54.86,P=0.01),以4~6月报告病例最多,不同县(市、区)报告病例数差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=29.99,P=0.02)),男女性别比为1.5∶1,0~3岁年龄组2025例,占82.42%。结论孝感市AEFI监测敏感性逐年提高,预防接种安全性良好,需进一步加强小年龄组儿童和24h内AEFI监测。

Objective To analyze the data of suspected adverse events following immunization(AEFI)in Xiaogan City from 2012 to 2017,and to evaluate the sensitivity of the monitoring system and the safety and quality of vaccine use.Methods The AEFI surveillance information system of China Immunization Program was used to derive the AEFI report case data from 2012 to 2017 in Xiaogan City.The descriptive methods were used for epidemiological analysis.Results There were 2457 cases of AEFI reported in Xiaogan City from 2012 to 2017.The incidence rate of reported AEFI was 22.37/100000.Among them,the incidence rate of the general reaction reported was 20.04/100000,and the reactions were mainly fever,redness,and induration.The abnormal reaction report rate was 1.98/100000,mainly with allergic skin rashes.There were no accidents caused by the quality of the vaccine and negligence of related persnonnels.There were case reports every month,but there was a big difference in the time distribution of case reports throughout the year(χ^(2)=54.86,P=0.01).The most reported cases were from April to June,and there were obvious differences in the number of reported cases in different counties(cities and districts)(χ^(2)=29.99,P=0.02).The ratio of male to female was 1.5∶1.There were 2025 cases in the age group of 0~3,accounting for 82.42%.Conclusion The sensitivity of AEFI surveillance in Xiaogan City increased year by year,and the safety of vaccination was good.It is necessary to further strengthen the monitoring of AEFI among young children,especially within 24 hours of vaccination.