新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间妊娠期妇女居家防护体验的质性研究

Home protection experience of pregnant women during the epidemic of COVID-19:a qualitative study

目的探索新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间妊娠期妇女居家防护的生活体验,了解其在居家防护期间的状态,旨在促进今后突发公共卫生事件影响下妊娠期妇女居家防护指导方案的制定。方法采用现象学研究法,通过滚雪球抽样法选取居家防护的妊娠期妇女作为研究对象,并进行半结构式深入访谈,使用Giorgi现象学分析方法对访谈资料进行分析,通过比较、归纳资料并生成主题。结果新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间,妊娠期妇女居家防护的体验可归纳为3个主题:心理体验、孕期保健、个人防护。妊娠期妇女对疫情的传播表现出恐惧心理,情感需求较大,需要较全面的情感支持。孕期保健过程中膳食营养、居家运动、产检时间等方面受到了较大的影响。个人防护方面,防护物资较为充足,但外出防护经验和防护知识较为缺乏。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情导致妊娠期妇女在心理、营养、运动等方面存在不同程度的问题,医护人员应积极采取针对性措施,提高其在疫情阶段妊娠期的生活质量。

Objective To investigate the living experience of pregnant women of home protection during the epidemic of COVID-19, and to understand their status during home protection period, to promote the formulation of guidelines for pregnant women’s home protection under the influence of public health emergencies in the future.Method By phenomenological research, the snowball sampling method was applied to select pregnant women of home protection as the research object, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted, the Giorgi phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the interview data, and generate themes through comparison and induction.Result The experience of pregnant women of home protection can be summarized into three themes: psychological experience, health care during pregnancy, and personal protection. Pregnant women were afraid of the spread of the epidemic, had greater emotional needs, and needed more comprehensive emotional support. Dietary nutrition, home exercise, and the time of prenatal visit have been greatly affected during pregnancy. In terms of personal protection, protection materials were relatively sufficient, but protection experience and knowledge about protection outside were relatively lacking.Conclusion The COVID-19 epidemic has caused varying degrees of psychological, nutritional, and sport problems in pregnant women. Medical staffs should actively take targeted measures to improve pregnant women’s quality of life during pregnancy, in the context of epidemic.