贸易自由化如何影响技术创新质量?--基于空间计量模型的实证检验

How Does Trade Liberalization Affect the Quality of Technological Innovation?——Empirical Test Based on Spatial Econometric Model

贸易自由化为前沿技术引进和知识溢出提供渠道支撑,成为后发经济体技术创新质量提升的重要引擎,但也可能会触发本土防御性技术创新行为,贸易自由化如何影响技术创新质量的问题有待进一步考察。为此,基于2009-2018年我国30个省份的面板统计数据,本文采用空间计量模型实证检验了贸易自由化对技术创新质量的影响及其空间效应。结果发现:第一,贸易自由化不仅直接促进本地区技术创新质量的提升,而且存在空间溢出效应间接驱动其他地区技术创新质量的提升,但随地理距离的增加,这种空间溢出效应呈现倒U型波动衰减的态势。第二,贸易自由化对技术创新质量的影响具有技术创新质量等级、贸易自由化类型和区域范畴三大异质特征。第三,我国技术创新质量呈现显著的空间β收敛态势,贸易结构的优化能够促进技术创新质量同比增长率的提升,从而间接驱动技术创新质量区域收敛发展,但整体的驱动力还十分有限。结果表明,要顺应贸易自由化发展趋势,扩大区际贸易交流,做好"贸易自由化+技术创新质量"这篇文章。

Trade liberalization provides channel support for the introduction of cutting-edge technologies and knowledge spillovers, and has become an important engine for the improvement of technological innovation quality in late-developing economies,but it may also trigger local defensive technological innovation behaviors.How dose trade liberalization affect technological innovation quality remains to be further investigated,so based on the panel statistics of 30 provinces in China from 2009 to 2018,this paper uses a spatial econometric model to empirically test the impact of trade liberalization on the quality of technological innovation and its spatial effects.The results are as follows.Firstly, trade liberalization not only directly promotes the improvement of the quality of technological innovation in the region,but also has spatial spillover effects that indirectly drive the improvement of the quality of technological innovation in other regions.However,as the geographical distance increases,this spatial spillover effect presents an inverted U-shaped wave decay trend.Secondly,the impact of trade liberalization on the quality of technological innovation has three heterogeneous characteristics:technological innovation quality level,trade liberalization type,and regional category.Third,China ’s technological innovation quality presents a significant spatial β convergence trend.The optimization of the trade structure can promote the improvement of technological innovation quality year-on-year growth rate,thereby indirectly driving the regional convergence of technological innovation quality,but the overall driving force is still very weak.The results show that it is necessary to follow the development trend of trade liberalization,expand inter-regional trade exchanges, and do a good job in the perspective of "Trade Liberalization+Quality of Technological Innovation".