考虑二次灾害的开放式应急物流车辆路径问题

The Open Vehicle Routing Problem of Emergency Logistics Considering Secondary Disasters

重大自然灾害往往伴随一些二次灾害的发生,如地质结构发生变化导致道路损坏、建筑坍塌。在自然灾害频发的环境下,考虑二次灾害的应急物资调度尤为重要。突发事件的不可预见性以及应急救援过程中受灾程度信息的难以精确度量,导致受灾点需求具有高度不确定性。本文创新性地将二次灾害中供应点的失效风险纳入研究,并考虑受灾点服务时间,探讨应急救援中的多车场开放式车辆路径问题。以运输时间最短为目标,在单边模糊软时间窗与模糊需求的约束条件下,分别建立考虑和不考虑二次灾害导致供应点随机失效风险的两类数学规划模型,并设计改进的变邻域搜索算法进行求解。最后通过算例分析,证明考虑供应点失效风险的重要性。研究结果表明,考虑供应点失效风险的应急物资调度物流系统的稳定性更高,降低了应急物资运输的风险。

Major natural disasters are often accompanied by some secondary disasters,such as changes in geological structure that lead to road damage and building collapse.In the context of frequent natural disasters,it is particularly important to consider the dispatch of emergency materials for secondary disasters.The unpredictability of emergencies and the difficulty in measuring the information of disaster extent in the process of emergency rescue result in the high uncertainty of disaster demand.In this paper,the failure risk of supply points in secondary disasters is innovatively included into the study,and the problem of multi-depot open vehicle routing problem in emergency rescue is discussed considering the service time of disaster points.Aiming at the shortest transportation time,two kinds of mathematical programming models with and without considering the random failure risk of supply points caused by secondary disasters are established under the constraints of unilateral fuzzy soft time window and fuzzy demand, and an improved variable neighborhood search algorithm is designed to solve the problem.Finally,an example is given to prove the importance of considering the failure risk of supply point.The results show that the emergency material dispatching logistics system considering the risk of supply point failure has higher stability and reduces the risk of emergency material transportation.