缅甸中立主义外交选择(1949—1954)--缅北国民党军与美国干涉的影响

Burma’s Neutral Foreign Policy 1949-1954: The Kuomintang Military Presence in Northern Burma and American Interventions

1948—1954年,是缅甸中立外交政策的形成、确立阶段。缅甸独立后虽然宣称奉行中立不结盟外交政策,却明显与英美西方阵营的关系更为紧密,并没有实现真正的中立外交。1950年初,从中国内战落败的部分国民党军进入缅甸后,在美国和台湾当局的支持下试图阻止中国的革命胜利。同时,他们还介入缅甸内战,引起了缅甸安全、政治上的多层连锁反应。美国在该问题上的两面政策,削弱了美缅关系的信任和基础,推动吴努政府调整政策,在两大阵营之间实行更加平衡与多元的中立外交政策。

Burma’s neutral foreign policy was formed between 1948 and 1954.Although Rangoon claimed to pursue the policy of neutrality soon after its independence in 1948,it ostensibly developed a closer relationship with the Anglo-American camp of the West.In early 1950,some Kuomintang(KMT)remnants of Chinese civil war established bases in Northern Burma and launched attacks against China's Mainland with U.S.and KMT assistance.Concomitantly,they also intervened in the Burmese civil war and caused subsequent effects in Burmese domestic security and politics.Washington’s two-dimensional policy on this issue eroded Burmese trust with the U.S.and pushed the U Nu government to adjust its foreign policy.As such,it adopted a more balanced and plural foreign policy with the two camps.