趋同与特色:德国应用科学大学“应用型研究”的机遇与挑战

Convergence and Uniqueness: Opportunities and Challenges of Applied Research in German University of Applied Sciences

应用科学大学是德国高等教育体系的重要组成部分。在50年的发展过程中,应用科学大学面临着高等教育系统的趋同与自身的特色发展。在两种力量的共同作用下,"应用型研究"开始为应用科学大学所重视。学科发展、市场需求、政策法律等方面都为应用科学大学科研功能的发展作好了准备。然而"应用型研究"所必需的人员、资金以及制度资源都具有竞争性,应用科学大学科研功能的发展受到具有"先发优势"的大学的约束。尽管"应用型研究"理念为应用科学大学争取了科研功能发展的空间,但是科研资源的有限性制约了应用科学大学科研功能的发展。

The universities of applied sciences consist an essential part of the higher education system in Germany. In the course of 50 years of development, the University of Applied Sciences faces the convergence and differentiation of German higher education system. Under the joint action of the two forces, and "applied research" has begun to be valued by the universities. The University of applied sciences have contributed to the development of scientific research functions in terms of discipline development, market demand, public policy and law. However, the personnel, funds and institutional resources necessary for "applied research" are all competitive, and the development of scientific research functions of universities of applied sciences is constrained by universities with "first-mover advantage". Although the concept of "applied research" has striven room for the development of scientific research functions, the resources limitation has restricted its development.