不同氮肥施用水平下‘吉单’玉米品种产量及群体质量的相应特征

Corresponding Characteristics of Yield and Population Quality of Corn Variety JD under Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer

以吉林省不同熟期玉米品种‘吉单631’和‘吉单558’为试验材料,研究其在吉林省的产量表现,分析吉林省东部、中部和西部吉单品种的适宜氮肥用量和群体质量的相应特征。试验结果表明,‘吉单558’和‘吉单631’均在氮肥用量为200 kg/hm^(2)时干物质累积量达到最值。‘吉单558’和‘吉单631’各生育时期的干物质积累量、叶面积指数和SPAD值均表现一致。在乳熟期‘吉单558’和‘吉单631’的叶面积指数、叶绿素值、干物质累积量均与产量显著相关。根据方程模拟,‘吉单558’施氮量为225 kg/hm^(2),产量最佳,氮肥利用率和偏生产力分别为7.4和49.2 kg/kg,‘吉单631’施氮量为237 kg/hm^(2),产量最佳,氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力分别为9.1和54.7 kg/kg。吉林省东部、中部、西部的氮肥农学利用率分别为6.2、7.3和8.3 kg/kg,偏生产力分别为63.9、55.9和58.1 kg/kg。根据方程模拟,推荐上述品种在吉林省东部氮肥用量为250 kg/hm^(2)左右,中部推荐氮肥用量为213 kg/hm^(2)左右,西部推荐氮肥用量为228 kg/hm~2左右,实际生产中可适当减少肥料用量,从而达到经济与生态效益双赢。

The yield performance of maize varieties’JD631’and’JD558’at different maturity stage in Jilin province was studied,and the corresponding characteristics of suitable nitrogen application rate and population quality of JD varieties in the east,middle and west of Jilin province were analyzed.The results showed that dry matter accumulation of’JD558’and’JD631’reached the maximum and minimum when the nitrogen fertilizer was 200 kg/hm^(2).The dry matter accumulation,LAI and SPAD values of’JD558’and’JD631’in each growth period were consistent.At the milk-ripe stage,the leaf area index,chlorophyll value and dry matter accumulation of’JD558’and’JD631’were significantly correlated with the yield.According to the equation simulation,when the N application rate of’JD558’was 225 kg/hm^(2),the yield was the best,and the N use efficiency and partial productivity were 7.4 and 49.2 kg/kg,respectively.The yield of’JD631’was the best when the nitrogen application rate was 237 kg/hm^(2).The agronomic use efficiency and partial productivity of’JD631’were 9.1 and 54.7 kg/kg respectively.The agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in eastern,central and western parts of Jilin province was 6.2,7.3 and 8.3 kg/kg,respectively.The partial productivity was 63.9,55.9 and 58.1 kg/kg,respectively.According to the equation simulation,the recommended nitrogen fertilizer was about 250 kg/hm~2 in eastern Jilin province.The recommended nitrogen fertilizer was about 228 kg/hm^(2)in middle Jilin province.The recommended nitrogen fertilizer was about 213 kg/hm^(2)in western Jilin province.Therefore,reducing the amount of fertilizer appropriately in practical production,so as to achieve economic and ecological benefits.