皮诺切特时期圣地亚哥城市贫民住房运动研究(1973—1987)

A Research on the Housing Movement of the Urban Poor in Santiago during the Period of Pinochet in Chile(1973-1987)

智利皮诺切特时期,工业化和城市化的加速发展使大量农村人口涌入城市,圣地亚哥住房系统不堪重负,贫民居住条件极为恶劣。为追求更好的住房条件,城市贫民通过示威、占据土地和建造贫民窟营地等方式抗议当时的住房政策,皮诺切特政府的应对措施也由镇压、谈判直到妥协。该运动不仅凸显了城市贫民对住房和城市公民权的强烈诉求,也是他们追求基本尊严的表现,进而促使当局重新审视贫民住房短缺和居住条件恶劣的问题,转变市场主导住房的原则,对城市贫民住房进行调控。

During the Pinochet period,the accelerated development of industrialization and urbanization causes a large influx of rural people into the city,which produces a heavy burden to the housing system of San Diego and leads to a severe housing shortage and extremely poor living conditions for the poor.In pursuit of better housing conditions,the urban poor have launched a housing movement,protesting the housing policy through demonstrations,land invasions,and construction of slum camps.The Pinochet government’s response has also changed from suppression to negotiation to compromise.The movement not only highlights the urban poor’s strong demand for housing and the urban citizenship,but also expresses their pursuit of basic dignity,prompting the authorities to re-examine the housing shortage and poor living conditions of the poor,changing the principle of market driving housing,and regulating the housing of the urban poor.