晋语张家口方言副词“紧”的用法及语法化

The Usage and Grammaticalization of the Adverb“Jin”in Zhangjiakou Dialect

张家口方言“紧”的副词用法比较丰富,不仅可以用来表示情状、时间和程度,还可用来表达强烈的语气,具有强调和评价两种功能。“紧”的副词用法是由古汉语中的形容词用法虚化而来,最先出现情状副词的用法,之后分别发展出程度副词、时间副词和语气副词的用法。其中,主观化贯穿整个语法化过程。

The Adverb“jin”in Zhangjiakou dialect is not only used as an adverb of state,time and degree,but also used to emphasize and evaluate.The adverb usage of“jin”is the grammaticalization of the adjective usage in ancient Chinese,developing from the usage of the adverb of state to the usage of the adverbs of degree and time and the modal adverb.