鲜食果桑新品种紫魅2号的选育

Breeding report of a new table mulberry cultivar Zimei No.2

紫魅2号果桑新品种是从2009年收集的野生桑资源中筛选而来。该品种果实5月上旬至6月中旬成熟,果实长筒形,成熟果实紫黑色,风味酸甜适口,品质极上,汁色鲜紫,出汁率77.90%,有籽,可食率98.81%,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为11.2%,还原糖含量为7.1%,总酸含量为3.6%,总氨基酸含量为15.4 g·kg^(-1),矢车菊色素含量为1.72 g·kg^(-1),维生素C含量为0.15 mg·g^(-1),该品种花芽分化容易,花芽率99.31%,坐果率92.8%,单芽果数4~8个,平均5.62个。该品种节间距短,米条结果数多。丰产稳产,定植第2年开始结果,第3年进入盛果期,每666.7 m2产量2750 kg,是一个适合鲜食采摘的果桑新品种。该品种适宜在河南及周边省市桑树适生区栽植。

Zimei No.2,a new table mulberry cultivar,was selected from wild mulberry resources in 2009 and was approved by the Approval Committee for Improved Varieties of Forest Tree of Henan Province in March,2020.The young tree growth vigour of Zimei No.2 is strong with upright branches.The color of annual branch is gray with short internode and more lenticels,and perennial branch is brown in color.The average length of annual branch is 214.1 cm and the internode length is 5.6 cm.The leaf is emerald green in color and oval with no pubescence and the leaf apices is short caudate and the base is roundness or truncate.The length and width of leave is 19.9 cm and 13.9 cm,respectively.There is no male flower,and the female flower and new leaf begin to come out at the same time.It’s easy to form lateral flower buds on new shoots,the flower bud rate is 99.3%and the percentage of setting fruit is 92.8%.Usually 4-8 fruits come out of every flower bud,and average 5.6 fruits per flower bud.Zimei No.2 can bear fruits next year after planted,with the yield more than 41250 kg·hm^(-2) in the 3rd year after planting.The fruit shape of Zimei No.2 mulberry is long and cylindrical with attract appearance,the ripening fruit is black in color and the average fruit weigh is 4.55 g,and the maximum fruit weigh is 5.36 g.It has pleasant sweet with a little sour taste,the soluble solid content is about 11.2%and the total acid content is about 3.6%.It is also rich in nutrients,including 7.1%reducing sugar,15.4 g·kg^(-1) total amino acid,1.72 g·kg^(-1) cornflower pigment,0.15 mg·g^(-1) vitamin C.Its juice productivity is nearly 77.90%and the edible rate can reach up to 98.81%.In Jiaozuo,Zimei No.2 mulberry starts germinating in mid-March,the early blossom date is in late March,the full blossom date is in early April,and the flowering period is approximately 9 days.The fruit matures while it turns black in early May,the fruit development period is about 45 days,and the harvest period is about 40 days.The leaf begins to fall off and enters dormant period in mid-November,and the tree vegetative growth period lasts about 220 days.Zimei No.2 mulberry is a new table cultivar which exhibits strong suitability to undesirable circumstances and is highly and stably productive with high quality fruits.It is suitable to be cultivated in Henan province and the surrounding provinces and cities.