网络爬取行为的法律规制及完善

Legal regulations and improvement of web crawling behavior

在司法实务中,司法机关根据网络爬取行为对象不法层面的法益侵害和行为不法层面的归责而进行相应的法律规制。面对权益保护与行为规制路径的竞合、刑法扩张适用的缺陷和私益保护模式的不足,需要进行法律规制路径的梳理与司法价值取向的转变。即采用以权益保护为主、行为规制为辅的追责梯度,根据技术区分原则限制刑法的扩张适用,平衡私益保护和公益保护。此外应创新法治理念,协同适用公法与私法机制,向法律风险双向沟通以及网络公共领域的多元主体协同治理的方向转变。具体包括:引入强制缔约机制,增强爬虫协议的法效性;增设行业公约,实现多方耦合共治。

In judicial practice,judiciary authorities adopts corresponding legal regulations according to the infringement of legal interests at the illegal level of the web crawling behavior object and the attribution of responsibility at the illegal level of the behavior.As for the competition and cooperation of rights protection and behavior regulation paths,the defects of criminal law expansion and application,and the lack of rights protection models,it is necessary to sort out legal regulation paths and transform the judicial value orientation,namely,adopting accountability gradient with rights protection as the mainstay and behavior regulation as the supplement,restricting the expansion and application of criminal law based on the principle of technical distinction and balancing private interest protection and public interest protection.In addition,we should innovate in the concept of rule by law,apply the mechanism of public law and private law collaboratively,and form two-way communication of legal risks and collaborative governance of multiple subjects in network public domain,including introducing compulsory contracting mechanism to enhance the legal effect of crawler agreements,and adding industry conventions to realize multi-party coupling and co-governance.