基于综合评估的昆明市重要生态系统类型识别

Identification of Important Ecosystem Types in Kunming Based on Comprehensive Assessment

该文根据昆明市生态系统分类体系研究成果,利用模型评估与空间叠置分析,结合昆明市生态安全,以国内外对生态系统服务与功能评估研究为基础,进行昆明市生态系统服务价值核算与生态系统功能重要性评估,综合识别昆明市重要生态系统及其分布,并根据识别结果与现有保护地比较后提出现有昆明市生态系统保护体系的空缺区域。研究结果表明:生态系统价值核算中,研究区阔叶林与灌丛和灌草丛生态系统价值居前2位,其次为针叶林、水体、耕地、沼泽湿地,最后为园地与草甸。生态系统功能重要性评估中,研究区极重要与高度重要区域面积为4069.5 km^(2),占国土面积19.37%;综合评估后,昆明市重要生态系统为半湿润常绿阔叶林、中山湿性常绿阔叶林、寒温山地常绿栎林、寒温性针叶林、干热性稀树灌木草丛、高山草甸、暖性石灰岩灌丛、湖泊与水库、河流和沼泽化草甸,主要分布于昆明市北部与西南部。识别结果客观反映了昆明市重要生态系统的分布,较好地表征了生态系统服务对区域生态安全的决定性和价值,明确了昆明市生态系统保护的关键与空缺,对维护昆明市的生物多样性、保障昆明市的生态安全,实现可持续发展有重要意义。

According to the research results of ecosystem classification system,using model evaluation and spatial superposition analysis,combined with ecological security in Kunming,based on the study of ecosystem service and function evaluation at home and abroad,the important ecosystem and its distribution in Kunming were identified synthetically,and the vacant area of ecosystem protection system in Kunming was put forward after comparing with the protected areas.The results show that broad-leaved forest and shrub and grass ecosystem value rank in the top two,followed by coniferous forest,water,arable land,marshes,garden and meadow is the last.In the evaluation of ecosystem function importance,the area of extremely important and highly important area is 4069.5 km^(2),accounting for 19.37%of the land area.By the comprehensive evaluation,the important ecosystem of Kunming is semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest,moist evergreen broad-leaved forest of Zhongshan,cold-temperate mountain evergreen oak forest,cold warm coniferous forest,dry grassy shrub grass,alpine meadow,warm limestone thickets,lakes and reservoirs,rivers,paludification meadows,mainly distributed in the north and southwest of Kunming.The recognition of the important ecosystem objectively reflects the distribution of important ecosystem of Kunming,better characterizes the decisiveness and value of ecosystem services for regional ecological security,clearly reflects the key points and vacancies of the ecosystem protection of Kunming,which has important significance to maintain the biodiversity,protection ecological security,sustainable development of Kunming.