法律修辞中的“例喻”研究——语用学的视角

The Study of the Example Metaphor in the Legal Rhetoric Research from the Perspective of Pragmatics

在含有精神性、思想性的文本写作中,比喻按照作用标准分为两类:词喻和例喻。其中词喻只揭示一个概念的意蕴,例喻则揭示一种思想的意蕴。如果说词喻是法律修辞中的一个景点,那么例喻就是法律修辞中的一个景区,相比较词喻,法律修辞中的例喻研究具有以下学术价值:展现更加宽广的学术视野;更符合思想的抽象性表达;更能确保言语交流的有效性。“例喻”修辞方法具有语用学性质,喻体与本体在语境上有高度相似性,语境成了连接喻体与本体的桥梁,在现在的并不熟悉、清晰、明细的具体情境中类比过去的熟悉、清晰、明细的具体情境。运用“例喻”需要注意的问题是:符合逻辑的规则;符合修辞的规范;符合事实的判断。

In the ideological text,metaphor is divided into two categories according to the role of standards: word metaphor and example metaphor. Word metaphor only reveals the meaning of a concept while example metaphor reveals the meaning of an idea. If word metaphor is like a scenic spot in the legal rhetoric,then example metaphor is like a scenic area in the legal rhetoric. Compared with word metaphor,example metaphor in the legal rhetoric research has the following academic value: showing a broader academic vision,being more in line with the idea of abstract expression,to ensure the effectiveness of verbal communication. The rhetorical method of "example metaphor"is characterized by pragmatics,and the metaphor body is highly similar to the noumenon in context,context becomes a bridge between the metaphor body and the noumenon,and it is compared the familiar,clear and detailed specific situation in the past to the unfamiliar,clear and detailed specific situation at present. Using example metaphor has to follow three rules: conforming to logic rule;conforming to rhetoric norm;conforming to judgment of fact.