汉印“红(Merah)”字词语引申意义对比研究

A comparative analysis of derivative meanings in Chinese&Indonesian words with morpheme“红/Merah”

汉语、印尼语中的“红(Merah)”字词语都具有较为丰富的引申意义,既有差异性,又有相似性,对其进行研究能有效提升对词汇的跨文化理解。由于红色概念义的普适性与文化意义某些层面的相似性,两种语言中“红(Merah)”字词语的引申意义在某些义项上呈现互文性;但由于两种文化向红色赋值的深层意蕴存在差异,二者“红(Merah)”字词语引申意义也存在差异。在印尼语“Merah”语素词语中存在而汉语“红”字词语缺失的义项有:“孩子”“火”“偷听”;在汉语“红”字词语中存在而在印尼语“Merah”语素词语中缺失的义项有:“喜庆、吉祥”“革命、社会主义、共产党”“顺利、成功、有名气、受欢迎”“股息、金钱回报”“姻缘”“花”“血”,对于此类文化关键词,汉语教师应引导学生对词汇知识的把握,逐步构建留学生汉语文化关键词的词汇知识系统,增强其跨文化的沟通能力。

There exist rich derivative meanings in Chinese and Indonesian words with morpheme“Hong/Merah”(CIWH/M),with both differences and similarities.The study of them can effectively improve the cross-cultural understanding of vocabulary.Due to the universality of the conceptual meaning of the color red and the similarity of some aspects of cultural meaning,the derivative meanings of CIWH/Ms show intertextuality in some senses;however,due to the deep differences between cultural connotations to the color red,the derivative meanings of CIWH/Ms in two languages also show differences.There are meanings that exist in Indonesian words with morpheme“Merah”but missing in Chinese words with morpheme“hong”:“children”,“fire”,“eavesdropping”.And there are meanings that exist in Chinese words with morpheme“hong”but missing in Indonesian words with morpheme“Merah”:“happy,auspicious”,“revolution,socialism,Communist Party”,“smooth,successful,famous and popular”,“dividend,money,return”,“marriage”,“flower”and blood.”For such cultural key words,Chinese teachers are suggested to steer students into mastering vocabulary knowledge,so as to build a vocabulary knowledge system of Chinese cultural key words gradually,and enhance their intercultural communicative competence.