氢氧火箭发动机组件研制阶段可靠性技术综述

Review on reliability technology of hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine components in development

氢氧火箭发动机是火箭的“心脏”,必须具备极高的可靠性,才能够保证发射成功。国内外针对氢氧火箭发动机开展了大量的可靠性工作。在发动机的研制阶段,通常是按照自下而上的思路,从组件的失效机理出发,开展稳健设计和试验验证,来保证氢氧火箭发动机的高可靠性。组件的可靠性工作主要是基于失效机理开展分析、监测、试验验证和设计改进;同时组件到系统的各种试验也为可靠性评估提供了数据,通过试验数据评估组件可靠性,根据评估结果可查找薄弱环节,进而改进设计。从基于失效机理和基于试验数据两个角度对相关的可靠性技术进行综述,分析发动机组件研制阶段可靠性工作存在的问题,并提出今后组件可靠性技术的发展设想。

Hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine is the heart of rocket,and it must have extremely high reliability to guarantee a successful launch.A lot of reliability work has been carried out on hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine.During its development,the high reliability of hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine is ensured by the bottom-up approach,and robust designs and test verifications are usually carried out based on the failure mechanism of components.Therefore,the reliability work of components mainly focuses on the analysis,monitoring,test verification and design improvement based on the failure mechanism.Meanwhile,various tests of components and the system also provide data for reliability assessment.The reliability of components can be assessed through the test data,and the weakness can be identified based on the evaluation results to improve the design.In this paper,the reliability technology based on failure mechanism and test data are reviewed,the problems existing in the reliability of the engine components are analyzed,and the future development of component reliability technology is proposed.