论企业环境犯罪规则的系统化完善——以建构企业环境合规计划为重点

On the Systematic Perfection of Corporate Environmental Crime Rules--Focus on Building a Corporate Environmental Compliance Plan

企业环境犯罪不同于自然人环境犯罪,具有模式化发展、损失严重化、因果关系复杂化等特点。目前我国对于企业环境犯罪的刑法规制体系存在刑罚种类过于单一、刑罚过轻、加害主体难识别、因果关系难确定等突出问题。故为实现企业环境犯罪的系统化改革,刑法相关规定需针对性地增设资格刑与其他非刑罚措施、增设"阶梯式"罚金刑及提高罚金刑幅度、明确企业主体的判断标准并引入"疫学因果关系"证明标准。同时,还应结合当前企业行为规制领域的新兴趋势,以企业合规为规制手段,以期建构具有中国特色的企业环境合规计划,最终实现对于企业环境犯罪风险的事先管控。

Corporate environmental crime is different from natural person environmental crime,which has the characteristics of pattern development,serious loss,and complicated causality.At present,China’s criminal legal system for corporate environmental crimes has outstanding problems,such as single types of penalties,light penalties,difficult to identify the perpetrators and determine causality.Therefore,in order to realize the systematic reform of corporate environmental crimes,relevant provisions of the Criminal Law need to specifically add qualification penalties and other non-penalty measures,add stepped fines and increasing the range of fines,clarifying the judgment standards of corporate entities and introducing epidemics,causality proof standard.At the same time,we should also combine the current emerging trends in the field of corporate behavior regulation,and use corporate compliance as a regulatory means to build a corporate environmental compliance plan with Chinese characteristics,and ultimately realize the prior management and control of corporate environmental crime risks.