高空抛坠物规则的评析与适用

Analysis and Application of Civil Code Rules for Throwing Objects From High Altitude

《中华人民共和国民法典》高空抛坠物规则在承继原有补偿理念的基础上明确了公安等有关机关和建筑物管理人的职责,弥补了原有规定的不足,能够全方位维护公共安全。在适用该规则的过程中还要注意相关问题:准确把握立法目的,防止过度援引和不当加重补偿责任人的负担;适当扩大致害物的范围,有生命的动物从高空坠落时同样严重危害他人人身财产安全,也应当被纳入致害物件的范围;对受害人的补偿应合理界定补偿责任的范围及责任承担方式;当建筑物管理人违反安全保障义务时,其不享有对可能加害的建筑物使用人的追偿权,而应当各自按照一定的份额承担责任,以实现责任负担的均衡。

On the basis of inheriting the original compensation concept,The Civil code of the people′s Republic of China defines the responsibilities of public security organs and building managers,which makes amends for the deficiencies of the original provisions and can maintain public security in an all-round way.Attention should be paid in the process of applying this rule:to grasp accurately its legislative purpose and prevent excessive invoking and undue aggravating the burden of the person responsible for compensation;the scope of injuring objects thrown should be appropriately expanded,such as the live animals falling from high altitude to be included in the scope of the objects,for they may cause serious harm to the property and safety of the injured;the compensation for the victims should reasonably define the scope of the compensation liability and the way of bearing the responsibility;when the building manager violates the obligation of safety and security,he does not have the right of recourse of the user of the building where a harmful damage may occur,but shall bear the responsibility according to a certain share to realize the balance of the liability burden.